Department of Human Development, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), 315 Wallace Hall (0416), Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Arch Sex Behav. 2011 Oct;40(5):983-94. doi: 10.1007/s10508-010-9722-0. Epub 2011 Feb 4.
Despite efforts to identify masturbation as a strategy to improve sexual health, promote relational intimacy, and reduce unwanted pregnancy, STIs, and HIV transmission, masturbation as a context for healthy sexual development has been met with silence or trepidation in the scientific and educational communities. Relegated to the realm of commercial media, rather than rational discourse in families, schools, and the general public, young people receive mixed messages about this non-reproductive sexual behavior. In order to explore how young adults have learned about masturbation and currently perceive masturbation, we conducted a grounded theory study of 72 college students (56 females; 16 males) enrolled in a human sexuality class. Findings revealed that a young adult's perceptions of and feelings toward masturbation were the result of a developmental process that included: (1) learning about the act of masturbation and how to do it, (2) learning and internalizing the social contradiction of stigma and taboo surrounding this pleasurable act, and (3) coming to terms with this tension between stigma and pleasure. Although nearly all participants learned about masturbation through the media and peers (not parents or teachers), gender was salient in coming to terms with the contradiction of stigma and pleasure. Most of the women reported either still struggling with the contradiction or accepting it as normal. Most of the men recognized the beneficial aspects for healthy sexual development that result from masturbation. Both male and female participants identified differential sexual scripts as contributing to the double standard.
尽管人们努力将自慰视为改善性健康、促进关系亲密和减少意外怀孕、性传播感染和 HIV 传播的一种策略，但自慰作为健康性发展的背景，在科学界和教育界却遭到了沉默或恐惧。自慰被归入商业媒体领域，而不是家庭、学校和公众的理性讨论，年轻人对这种非生殖性行为得到的是混杂的信息。为了探索年轻人是如何了解自慰的，以及他们目前对自慰的看法，我们对参加人类性行为课程的 72 名大学生（56 名女性；16 名男性）进行了一项扎根理论研究。研究结果表明，年轻人对自慰的看法和感受是一个发展过程的结果，这个过程包括：（1）了解自慰行为以及如何进行自慰，（2）学习和内化围绕这种愉悦行为的污名化和禁忌的社会矛盾，以及（3）接受这种污名化和愉悦之间的紧张关系。尽管几乎所有的参与者都是通过媒体和同龄人（而不是父母或老师）了解自慰的，但性别在处理污名化和愉悦之间的矛盾时是很重要的。大多数女性报告说，她们要么仍在努力应对这种矛盾，要么接受它是正常的。大多数男性认识到自慰对健康性发展有益处。男性和女性参与者都认为不同的性行为脚本导致了双重标准。
