Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA.
J Neurosurg. 2011 Jul;115(1):182-90. doi: 10.3171/2011.1.JNS101094. Epub 2011 Feb 4.
Max Brödel is considered the father of modern medical illustration. This report reviews his contributions to neurosurgery as a medical illustrator. Max Brödel, a young artist from Leipzig, Germany, was hired at Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1894, where he illustrated an operative textbook of gynecology for Howard A. Kelly. Although Brödel did not have any formal medical training, he quickly acquired knowledge of anatomy, pathology, physiology, and surgery. Brödel's extraordinary illustrations were characterized by an aerial perspective that conveyed the surgeon's operative viewpoint and precise surgical anatomy. He masterfully incorporated tissue realism with cross-sectional anatomy to accentuate concepts while maintaining topographical accuracy. Brödel's reputation spread quickly and resulted in collaborations with prominent surgeons, such as Cushing, Halsted, and Dandy. Cushing, who also possessed artistic talent, became a pupil of Brödel and remained a very close friend. In 1911, Brödel was appointed the director of the Department of Art as Applied to Medicine at Johns Hopkins, the first academic department of its kind in the world. For the next several decades, he trained generations of renowned medical illustrators. Just as Osler, Halsted, and Cushing passed their skills and knowledge to future leaders of medicine and surgery, Brödel did the same for the field of medical illustration. The advancement of neurosurgical education has been greatly facilitated by Max Brödel's artistic contributions. His unique ability to synthesize art and medicine resulted in timeless illustrations that remain indispensable to surgeons. The art produced by his legacy of illustrators continues to flourish in neurosurgical literature today.
马克斯·布罗德尔被认为是现代医学插图的鼻祖。本报告回顾了他作为医学插图画家在神经外科学领域的贡献。马克斯·布罗德尔是一位来自德国莱比锡的年轻艺术家，于 1894 年受雇于约翰霍普金斯医院，为霍华德·凯利绘制了一本妇科手术教科书。尽管布罗德尔没有接受过任何正规的医学培训，但他很快就掌握了解剖学、病理学、生理学和外科学等方面的知识。布罗德尔的非凡插图以透视法为特色，传达了外科医生的手术视角和精确的外科解剖学。他巧妙地将组织的真实感与横截面解剖相结合，在保持地形准确性的同时突出概念。布罗德尔的声誉迅速传播，他与库欣、霍尔斯特德和丹迪等著名外科医生合作。库欣也有艺术天赋，成为了布罗德尔的学生，并一直保持着非常亲密的友谊。1911 年，布罗德尔被任命为约翰霍普金斯应用医学艺术系主任，这是世界上第一个此类学术系。在接下来的几十年里，他培养了几代著名的医学插图画家。就像奥斯勒、霍尔斯特德和库欣将他们的技能和知识传授给医学和外科学的未来领袖一样，布罗德尔也为医学插图领域做出了同样的贡献。马克斯·布罗德尔的艺术贡献极大地促进了神经外科学教育的发展。他将艺术和医学融合的独特能力创造出了永恒的插图，这些插图对外科医生来说仍然不可或缺。他的插图画家们的遗产所产生的艺术作品在今天的神经外科学文献中仍然蓬勃发展。
