School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
Waste Manag. 2011 Jun;31(6):1292-9. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.01.006. Epub 2011 Feb 3.
A serious environmental problem was presented by waste batteries resulting from lack of relevant regulations and effective recycling technologies in China. The present work considered the enhancement of waste Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries recycling by mechanical treatment. In the process of characterization, two types of waste batteries (Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries) were selected and their components were characterized in relation to their elemental chemical compositions. In the process of mechanical separation and recycling, waste Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries were processed by a recycling technology without a negative impact on the environment. The technology contained mechanical crushing, size classification, gravity separation, and magnetic separation. The results obtained demonstrated that: (1) Mechanical crushing was an effective process to strip the metallic parts from separators and pastes. High liberation efficiency of the metallic parts from separators and pastes was attained in the crushing process until the fractions reached particle sizes smaller than 2mm. (2) The classified materials mainly consisted of the fractions with the size of particles between 0.5 and 2mm after size classification. (3) The metallic concentrates of the samples were improved from around 75% to 90% by gravity separation. More than 90% of the metallic materials were separated into heavy fractions when the particle sizes were larger than 0.5mm. (4) The size of particles between 0.5 and 2mm and the rotational speed of the separator between 30 and 60 rpm were suitable for magnetic separation during industrial application, with the recycling efficiency exceeding 95%.
在中国，由于缺乏相关法规和有效的回收技术，废电池造成了严重的环境问题。本工作考虑通过机械处理来提高废镍镉和镍氢电池的回收利用率。在特性分析过程中，选择了两种类型的废电池（镍镉电池和镍氢电池），并对其组成部分的元素化学组成进行了分析。在机械分离和回收过程中，采用一种对环境无负面影响的回收技术对废镍镉和镍氢电池进行处理。该技术包括机械粉碎、粒度分级、重力分离和磁选。结果表明：（1）机械粉碎是一种从分离器和糊状物中分离金属部件的有效方法。在粉碎过程中，分离器和糊状物中的金属部件的解离效率很高，直到颗粒尺寸小于 2mm。（2）经粒度分级后，主要得到粒径在 0.5-2mm 之间的分级物料。（3）通过重力分离，样品的金属精矿从约 75%提高到 90%。当粒径大于 0.5mm 时，超过 90%的金属材料被分离到重相。（4）在工业应用中，粒径在 0.5-2mm 之间，分离器的转速在 30-60rpm 之间，磁选效果较好，回收效率超过 95%。
