Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011 Apr;20(4):683-90. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0982. Epub 2011 Feb 4.
Ecological studies have reported possible effects of sunlight on the risk of several diseases. Little evidence is available on the association between mortality and solar and artificial UV exposure by individual level from prospective studies.
The Swedish Women's Lifestyle and Health cohort study included women aged 30 to 49 years in 1991-1992. Participants completed a questionnaire and were followed-up through linkages to national registries until the end of 2006. Cox models were used to estimate adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for all-cause mortality and for cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
During 15 years of follow-up, among the 38,472 women included in the present study, 754 deaths occurred: 457 due to cancer and 100 due to CVD. When combining the information on sun exposure from age 10 to 39 years, women who got sunburned twice or more per year during adolescence had a reduced all-cause mortality, compared with women who had been sunburned once or less. A reduced risk for all-cause and CVD mortality was observed in women who went on sunbathing vacations more than once a year over three decades. Solarium use once or more per month for at least one decade increased the risk of all-cause mortality, when compared with women who never used a solarium.
Solar UV exposure was associated with reduced overall and CVD mortality, whereas artificial UV exposure was associated with increased overall and cancer mortality among Swedish women.
Moderate sun exposure may protect against cause-specific mortality.
生态研究报告称，阳光可能对多种疾病的风险产生影响。但是，很少有证据表明前瞻性研究中个体的阳光和人工紫外线暴露与死亡率之间存在关联。
瑞典女性生活方式与健康队列研究纳入了 1991-1992 年年龄在 30 至 49 岁的女性。参与者完成了一份问卷，并通过与国家登记处的链接进行随访，直到 2006 年底。使用 Cox 模型估计全因死亡率以及癌症和心血管疾病（CVD）死亡率的调整后 HR 和 95%CI。
在 15 年的随访期间，在本研究中包括的 38472 名女性中，有 754 人死亡：457 人死于癌症，100 人死于 CVD。当结合 10 岁至 39 岁时的阳光暴露信息时，与每年仅晒伤一次或更少的女性相比，在青春期每年晒伤两次或更多次的女性全因死亡率降低。在过去三十年中，每年进行多次日光浴度假的女性全因和 CVD 死亡率均降低。与从未使用过日光浴床的女性相比，每月至少使用一次日光浴床超过十年的女性全因死亡率增加。
太阳紫外线暴露与整体和 CVD 死亡率降低有关，而人工紫外线暴露与瑞典女性的整体和癌症死亡率增加有关。
适度的阳光照射可能有助于预防特定病因的死亡率。
