Wiederkehr Karl Heinrich
Universität Hamburg, Fachbereich Mathematik, Schwerpunkt Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, Mathematik und Technik, Birkenau 24, 22087 Hamburg.
Sudhoffs Arch. 2010;94(1):57-72.
The development of an electron-theory of metals is closely connected with early speculation in the period before Maxwell (W Weber and others) regarding electrical conductivity in metals. These Speculations were in contrast with Faraday's view of an all-embracing molecular dielectric polarisation, and a subsequent passage of charges in metallic conductors. In terms of the empirical law of Wiedemann-Franz-Lorenz, the conductivity of electricity and heat had to be treated commonly. The classical electron-theory of metals (Riecke, Drude, H.A. Lorentz) reached a dead end on account of problems concerned with specific heat capacity. Sommerfeld, by means of the Quantum theory and the Fermi-Statistic, could find the solution.
金属电子理论的发展与麦克斯韦之前时期（W·韦伯等人）对金属电导率的早期推测密切相关。这些推测与法拉第关于全面分子介电极化以及随后金属导体中电荷传导的观点形成对比。根据维德曼 - 弗兰兹 - 洛伦兹经验定律，电导率和热导率必须共同处理。经典的金属电子理论（里克尔、德鲁德、H·A·洛伦兹）由于比热容量相关问题而陷入困境。索末菲借助量子理论和费米统计找到了解决方案。
