Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street,Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2011 Feb;100(2):197-210. doi: 10.1037/a0022159.
Although perceived differences between outgroup social categories and the self are often cited as a major contributor to prejudice and intergroup tension, surprisingly few studies have examined ways to improve associations between the self and racial outgroups. The present research investigated one strategy to increase these associations-approach training. Specifically, 3 studies investigated the impact of training participants to conceptually approach Blacks on 3 separate measures: 2 response latency measures indexing the strength of association between the self and Blacks and a psychophysiological measure indexing brain activity in response to Blacks in the context of the self. A fourth study examined the link between earlier research on the impact of approach training on implicit prejudice against Blacks and the current results related to self-Black associations. Together, these findings provided consistent evidence that training in approaching Blacks increases associations between the self and Blacks that in turn reduce implicit prejudice against Blacks.
虽然人们普遍认为，对外群体社会类别与自我之间的认知差异是导致偏见和群体间紧张关系的主要因素之一，但令人惊讶的是，很少有研究探讨如何改善自我与种族外群体之间的联系。本研究调查了一种增强这种联系的策略——接近训练。具体来说，有 3 项研究调查了训练参与者在概念上接近黑人的方式对 3 个不同测量指标的影响：2 个反应时测量指标，用于索引自我与黑人之间的关联强度，以及一个心理生理测量指标，用于索引在自我背景下对黑人的大脑活动。第 4 项研究检验了先前关于接近训练对黑人内隐偏见影响的研究与当前自我与黑人关联结果之间的联系。这些发现共同提供了一致的证据，表明对接近黑人的训练增加了自我与黑人之间的关联，进而减少了对黑人的内隐偏见。
