J Immunotoxicol. 2011 Jan-Mar;8(1):68-79. doi: 10.3109/1547691X.2010.545086.
Autism, a member of the pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs), has been increasing dramatically since its description by Leo Kanner in 1943. First estimated to occur in 4 to 5 per 10,000 children, the incidence of autism is now 1 per 110 in the United States, and 1 per 64 in the United Kingdom, with similar incidences throughout the world. Searching information from 1943 to the present in PubMed and Ovid Medline databases, this review summarizes results that correlate the timing of changes in incidence with environmental changes. Autism could result from more than one cause, with different manifestations in different individuals that share common symptoms. Documented causes of autism include genetic mutations and/or deletions, viral infections, and encephalitis following vaccination. Therefore, autism is the result of genetic defects and/or inflammation of the brain. The inflammation could be caused by a defective placenta, immature blood-brain barrier, the immune response of the mother to infection while pregnant, a premature birth, encephalitis in the child after birth, or a toxic environment.
自闭症，又称孤独症，是广泛性发育障碍（PDD）的一种亚型，于 1943 年由 Leo Kanner 医生首次描述。自闭症最初估计每 10000 名儿童中就有 4 至 5 名，而如今在美国的发病率为 1/110，在英国为 1/64，全世界的发病率也与之相似。本文通过在 PubMed 和 Ovid Medline 数据库中搜索 1943 年至今的信息，对发病率随环境变化而变化的相关结果进行了综述。自闭症可能由多种原因引起，不同个体表现不同，但具有共同的症状。自闭症的病因包括基因突变和/或缺失、病毒感染以及疫苗接种后的脑炎。因此，自闭症是由大脑的遗传缺陷和/或炎症引起的。这种炎症可能是由胎盘缺陷、不成熟的血脑屏障、母亲在怀孕期间对感染的免疫反应、早产、出生后儿童的脑炎或有毒环境引起的。
