Jensen de López Kristine M, Thirup Møller Heidi
Department of Communication and Psychology, Center for Developmental & Applied Psychological Science, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2024 Aug 19;20:1597-1612. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S466081. eCollection 2024.
This study aims to identify and describe prevalence rates for ASD in the Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), as well as the Nordic countries (Finland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland).
A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA (2009) guidelines and based on the two databases: APA PsycINFO and MEDLINE (PubMed).
A total of 13 studies were included in the analyses. It was not possible to identify ASD prevalence studies for Greenland. However, for the remaining countries descriptive increases in ASD prevalence figures were observed. Increases were evident both in relation to age and birth cohort. Studies varied regarding which age group and cohort prevalence figures were reported. The most reported age group was the 7-12-year-olds. In this group, recent prevalence figures for Denmark ranged from 0.26% to 1.47%, in Norway 0.6%, in Sweden 0.23-0.68%, in Finland 0.22-0.86%, and in Iceland 2.40-3.13%. Iceland stood out in terms of higher prevalence figures compared to the other Scandinavian and Nordic countries. Two studies from the Faroe Islands reported ASD prevalence rates between 0.50% and 0.94% for 7-24-year-olds. These studies were based on nationwide figures, but not from national or official registers.
This study documented increasing prevalence of ASD in Scandinavian and Nordic countries. Several explanations of aspects that may contribute to the increases were discussed, eg, heightened awareness of ASD and earlier diagnosis. The importance of considering differences in data sources was discussed, with an emphasis on the importance of using national registries when available as this source is the most reliable and valid. The absence of prevalence figures for Greenland may be attributed to structural as well as cultural aspects, eg, two parallel systems assessing ASD, cultural taboos as well as lack of awareness of ASD. Suggestions or how to gain knowledge on ASD prevalence in Greenland is presented.
本研究旨在确定并描述斯堪的纳维亚国家（丹麦、挪威、瑞典）以及北欧国家（芬兰、冰岛、法罗群岛和格陵兰）自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的患病率。
按照PRISMA（2009）指南并基于两个数据库：美国心理学会心理学文摘数据库（APA PsycINFO）和医学文献数据库（MEDLINE，即PubMed）进行了系统综述。
分析共纳入13项研究。无法确定格陵兰岛的ASD患病率研究。然而，对于其余国家，观察到ASD患病率数据有描述性的增加。在年龄和出生队列方面，增加都很明显。关于报告患病率数据的年龄组和队列，各项研究有所不同。报告最多的年龄组是7至12岁儿童。在该年龄组中，丹麦近期的患病率数据在0.26%至1.47%之间，挪威为0.6%，瑞典为0.23%至0.68%，芬兰为0.22%至0.86%，冰岛为2.40%至3.13%。与其他斯堪的纳维亚和北欧国家相比，冰岛的患病率数据较高。法罗群岛的两项研究报告7至24岁人群的ASD患病率在0.50%至0.94%之间。这些研究基于全国性数据，但并非来自国家或官方登记处。
本研究记录了斯堪的纳维亚和北欧国家ASD患病率的上升。讨论了可能导致患病率上升的几个方面的解释，例如对ASD的认识提高和诊断提前。讨论了考虑数据来源差异的重要性，强调了在可行时使用国家登记处数据的重要性，因为该来源是最可靠和有效的。格陵兰岛缺乏患病率数据可能归因于结构和文化方面，例如评估ASD的两个并行系统、文化禁忌以及对ASD缺乏认识。提出了关于如何获取格陵兰岛ASD患病率知识的建议。
