Turck D
Unité de Gastro-Entérologie, Hépatologie et Nutrition, Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, Université Lille 2, Lille, France.
Arch Pediatr. 2010 Dec;17 Suppl 5:S191-4. doi: 10.1016/S0929-693X(10)70925-8.
Complementary feeding, which embraces all solid and liquid foods other than breast milk or infant formula, is strongly influenced by cultural, familial and economic factors. For many times, there was a strong taboo on the use of colostrum ("the white blood") during the first week after delivery, sometimes even the first month. Therefore, the newborn baby received complementary foods as gruel, or panada. However, in the Greek civilization, wet nurses were asked by contract to breastfeed exclusively for the first 6 months and to start complementary feeding thereafter. From the sixteenth century onwards, many writers deplored the practice of giving gruel and panada during the first six months before the teeth erupted. In 1921, a Swedish pediatrician, Jundell, reported for the first time that starting complementary feeding at 6 months of age was associated with a better growth and resistance to infections. The recommendation of the World Health Organization to start complementary feeding after a 6-month period of exclusive breastfeeding is often in contradiction with the habits of the populations to propose very early other food sources than breast milk.
辅食包括母乳或婴儿配方奶粉以外的所有固体和液体食物，它受到文化、家庭和经济因素的强烈影响。很多时候，产后第一周甚至有时是第一个月，使用初乳（“白色血液”）存在强烈禁忌。因此，新生儿食用的辅食是稀粥或面糊。然而，在希腊文明中，根据合同要求奶妈在前6个月进行纯母乳喂养，之后开始添加辅食。从16世纪起，许多作家对在牙齿萌出前的头6个月给婴儿喂稀粥和面糊的做法表示遗憾。1921年，瑞典儿科医生容德尔首次报告，6个月开始添加辅食与更好的生长发育及抗感染能力相关。世界卫生组织建议在纯母乳喂养6个月后开始添加辅食，这一建议常常与一些人群过早提供母乳以外其他食物来源的习惯相矛盾。
