Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvgen 18D, SE752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
Nat Rev Genet. 2011 Mar;12(3):157-66. doi: 10.1038/nrg2948. Epub 2011 Feb 8.
It is now clear that sex chromosomes differ from autosomes in many aspects of genome biology, such as organization, gene content and gene expression. Moreover, sex linkage has numerous evolutionary genetic implications. Here, I provide a coherent overview of sex-chromosome evolution and function based on recent data. Heteromorphic sex chromosomes are almost as widespread across the animal and plant kingdoms as sexual reproduction itself and an accumulating body of genetic data reveals interesting similarities, as well as dissimilarities, between organisms with XY or ZW sex-determination systems. Therefore, I discuss how patterns and processes associated with sex linkage in male- and female-heterogametic systems offer a useful contrast in the study of sex-chromosome evolution.
现在很清楚，性染色体在基因组生物学的许多方面都与常染色体不同，如组织、基因含量和基因表达。此外，性连锁具有许多进化遗传意义。在这里，我根据最近的数据提供了一个关于性染色体进化和功能的综合概述。异型性染色体在动物界和植物界几乎与有性生殖本身一样广泛存在，越来越多的遗传数据揭示了具有 XY 或 ZW 性别决定系统的生物体之间有趣的相似之处，也有不同之处。因此，我讨论了与雄性和雌性异型配子系统中的性连锁相关的模式和过程如何在性染色体进化的研究中提供有用的对比。
