利用人体皮肤微生物群落产生的化合物改良冈比亚按蚊合成诱饵
Improvement of a synthetic lure for Anopheles gambiae using compounds produced by human skin microbiota.
机构信息
Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Malar J. 2011 Feb 8;10:28. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-10-28.
BACKGROUND
Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is considered to be highly anthropophilic and volatiles of human origin provide essential cues during its host-seeking behaviour. A synthetic blend of three human-derived volatiles, ammonia, lactic acid and tetradecanoic acid, attracts A. gambiae. In addition, volatiles produced by human skin bacteria are attractive to this mosquito species. The purpose of the current study was to test the effect of ten compounds present in the headspace of human bacteria on the host-seeking process of A. gambiae. The effect of each of the ten compounds on the attractiveness of a basic blend of ammonia, lactic and tetradecanoic acid to A. gambiae was examined.
METHODS
The host-seeking response of A. gambiae was evaluated in a laboratory set-up using a dual-port olfactometer and in a semi-field facility in Kenya using MM-X traps. Odorants were released from LDPE sachets and placed inside the olfactometer as well as in the MM-X traps. Carbon dioxide was added in the semi-field experiments, provided from pressurized cylinders or fermenting yeast.
RESULTS
The olfactometer and semi-field set-up allowed for high-throughput testing of the compounds in blends and in multiple concentrations. Compounds with an attractive or inhibitory effect were identified in both bioassays. 3-Methyl-1-butanol was the best attractant in both set-ups and increased the attractiveness of the basic blend up to three times. 2-Phenylethanol reduced the attractiveness of the basic blend in both bioassays by more than 50%.
CONCLUSIONS
Identification of volatiles released by human skin bacteria led to the discovery of compounds that have an impact on the host-seeking behaviour of A. gambiae. 3-Methyl-1-butanol may be used to increase mosquito trap catches, whereas 2-phenylethanol has potential as a spatial repellent. These two compounds could be applied in push-pull strategies to reduce mosquito numbers in malaria endemic areas.
背景
冈比亚按蚊按蚊被认为是高度嗜人血的，并且人类来源的挥发物在其寻找宿主的行为中提供了重要线索。三种人类衍生挥发物的混合物——氨、乳酸和十四烷酸——吸引冈比亚按蚊。此外，人类皮肤细菌产生的挥发物对这种蚊子也有吸引力。本研究的目的是测试十种存在于人类细菌头顶空间的化合物对冈比亚按蚊寻找宿主过程的影响。测试了这十种化合物中的每一种对氨、乳酸和十四烷酸基本混合物对冈比亚按蚊吸引力的影响。
方法
在实验室双端口嗅觉仪和肯尼亚半野外设施中的 MM-X 陷阱中使用实验室设置评估冈比亚按蚊的寻找宿主反应。气味剂从 LDPE 小袋中释放出来，并放置在嗅觉仪和 MM-X 陷阱内。在半野外实验中添加二氧化碳，由加压钢瓶或发酵酵母提供。
结果
嗅觉仪和半野外装置允许在混合物和多种浓度下对化合物进行高通量测试。在两种生物测定中都确定了具有吸引力或抑制作用的化合物。3-甲基-1-丁醇在两种设置中都是最好的引诱剂，使基本混合物的吸引力增加了三倍。在两种生物测定中，2-苯乙醇都使基本混合物的吸引力降低了 50%以上。
结论
鉴定出人类皮肤细菌释放的挥发物，发现了对冈比亚按蚊寻找宿主行为有影响的化合物。3-甲基-1-丁醇可用于增加蚊子诱捕器的捕获量，而 2-苯乙醇则具有作为空间驱避剂的潜力。这两种化合物可以应用于推拉策略，以减少疟疾流行地区的蚊子数量。
Zotero 插件