Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Southern Clinical School of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
J Hum Hypertens. 2012 Jan;26(1):3-13. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2011.3. Epub 2011 Feb 10.
Hypertension is a public health priority in developed countries and worldwide, and is strongly associated with increased risk and progression of cardiovascular and renal diseases. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to examine the association between dairy food intake during adulthood and the development of elevated blood pressure (EBP), specifically comparing the association of EBP with consumption of low-fat dairy foods versus high-fat dairy foods, as well as cheese versus fluid dairy foods (milk or yogurt). Seven databases were searched and five cohort studies selected for inclusion, involving nearly 45,000 subjects and 11,500 cases of EBP. Meta-analysis of consumption of dairy foods and EBP in adults gave a relative risk (RR) of 0.87 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81-0.94). Separation of high- and low-fat dairy foods, however, indicated a significant association with low-fat dairy foods only (RR of 0.84 (95% CI 0.74-0.95)). Additional analyses showed no association between EBP and cheese, although fluid dairy foods were significantly associated with a reduced development in EBP (RR of 0.92 (95% CI 0.87-0.98)). Little heterogeneity was observed among the data presented. This meta-analysis supports the inverse association between low-fat dairy foods and fluid dairy foods and risk of EBP. Understanding these relationships can aid in the development of public health messages involving dairy foods, and supports current recommendations.
高血压是发达国家和全球的公共卫生重点，与心血管和肾脏疾病风险增加和进展密切相关。进行了系统评价和荟萃分析，以检查成年人摄入乳制品与血压升高（EBP）发展之间的关联，特别是比较 EBP 与低脂肪乳制品与高脂肪乳制品、奶酪与液体乳制品（牛奶或酸奶）的关联。搜索了七个数据库，并选择了五项队列研究进行纳入，涉及近 45000 名受试者和 11500 例 EBP。成年人乳制品消费与 EBP 的荟萃分析得出相对风险（RR）为 0.87（95%置信区间（CI）0.81-0.94）。然而，高脂肪和低脂肪乳制品的分离表明仅与低脂肪乳制品有显著关联（RR 为 0.84（95%CI 0.74-0.95））。进一步的分析表明，EBP 与奶酪之间没有关联，尽管液体乳制品与 EBP 发生率降低显著相关（RR 为 0.92（95%CI 0.87-0.98））。所呈现的数据中观察到的异质性很小。这项荟萃分析支持低脂乳制品和液体乳制品与 EBP 风险之间的负相关关系。了解这些关系可以帮助制定涉及乳制品的公共卫生信息，并支持当前的建议。
