National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Oct 1;45(19):8129-36. doi: 10.1021/es103560q. Epub 2011 Feb 10.
Wildlife from remote locations have been shown to bioaccumulate perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in their tissues. Twelve PFCs, consisting of perfluorinated carboxylic (PFCA) and sulfonic (PFSA) acids as well as the perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) precursor perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), were measured in livers of 68 beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) collected from two subpopulations, Cook Inlet and eastern Chukchi Sea, in Alaska between 1989 and 2006. PFOS and PFOSA were the dominant compounds measured in both beluga stock populations, with overall median concentrations of 10.8 ng/g and 22.8 ng/g, respectively. Long-chain perfluorocarboxylates, PFCAs (9 to 14 carbons), were detected in more than 80% of the samples. Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTriA) made up a large percentage of the PFCAs measured with median concentrations of 8.49 ng/g and 4.38 ng/g, respectively. To compare differences in location, year, sex, and length, backward stepwise multiple regression models of the individual and total PFC concentrations were used. Spatially, the Cook Inlet belugas had higher concentrations of most PFCAs and PFOS (p < 0.05); however, these belugas had a lower median concentration of PFOSA when compared to belugas from the eastern Chukchi Sea (p < 0.05). Temporal trends indicated most PFCAs, PFHxS, PFOS, and PFOSA concentrations increased from 1989 to 2006 (p < 0.05). Males had significantly higher concentrations of PFTriA, ΣPFCA, and PFOS (p < 0.05). Perfluorononanic acid (PFNA) and PFOS showed a significant decrease in concentration with increasing animal length (p < 0.05). These observations suggest the accumulation of PFCs in belugas is influenced by year, location, sex, and length.
从偏远地区采集的野生动物样本显示，它们的组织中积累了全氟化合物（PFCs）。1989 年至 2006 年间，在阿拉斯加库克湾和楚科奇海东部两个种群的 68 头白鲸（Delphinapterus leucas）肝脏中测量到 12 种 PFCs，包括全氟羧酸（PFCA）和磺酸（PFSA）酸以及全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）前体全氟辛烷磺酰胺（PFOSA）。在这两个白鲸种群中，PFOS 和 PFOSA 是主要的化合物，其总浓度中位数分别为 10.8ng/g 和 22.8ng/g。长链全氟羧酸（PFCAs，9 至 14 个碳原子）在超过 80%的样本中被检测到。在测量的 PFCAs 中，全氟壬酸（PFUnA）和全氟十三酸（PFTriA）占很大比例，其浓度中位数分别为 8.49ng/g 和 4.38ng/g。为了比较地理位置、年份、性别和长度的差异，使用个体和总 PFC 浓度的向后逐步多元回归模型。在空间上，库克湾的白鲸具有更高浓度的大多数 PFCAs 和 PFOS（p<0.05）；然而，与楚科奇海的白鲸相比，这些白鲸的 PFOSA 浓度中位数较低（p<0.05）。时间趋势表明，从 1989 年到 2006 年，大多数 PFCAs、PFHxS、PFOS 和 PFOSA 浓度增加（p<0.05）。雄性的 PFTriA、ΣPFCA 和 PFOS 浓度显著较高（p<0.05）。全氟壬酸（PFNA）和 PFOS 的浓度随动物长度的增加而显著降低（p<0.05）。这些观察结果表明，白鲸中 PFC 的积累受到年份、地点、性别和长度的影响。
