Shaw Susan, Berger Michelle L, Brenner Diane, Tao Lin, Wu Qian, Kannan Kurunthachalam
Marine Environmental Research Institute, Center for Marine Studies, P.O. Box 1652, Blue Hill, ME 04614, USA.
Chemosphere. 2009 Feb;74(8):1037-43. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.10.063. Epub 2008 Dec 19.
Concentrations of perfluorochemicals (PFCs) including perfluoroalkylsulfonates (PFSAs), and perfluoroalkylcarboxylates (PFCAs) were determined in liver of harbor seals (n=68) collected from the northwest Atlantic between 2000 and 2007. Of ten PFCs measured, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) concentrations were the highest in liver (8-1388 ng/g, ww), followed by perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) (<1-30.7 ng/g, ww). An unusual accumulation profile of long-chain (C7-C12) PFCAs, and the predominance of PFUnDA, followed by PFNA in seal liver suggested that fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) may be a major source of PFCAs in the northwest Atlantic. No gender-related differences in the concentrations of individual PFCs or total PFCs were found. Concentrations of PFOS and PFDS were higher in tissues of the pups than the adults, whereas concentrations of the PFCAs were similar between pups and adults. PFOS concentrations in the pups were 2.6-fold higher than those in the adult females, suggesting the importance of maternal transfer of PFCs. Hepatic PFOS concentrations were strongly, positively correlated with PFOSA, PFDS and individual PFCAs, indicating that harbor seals are exposed simultaneously to these compounds. Temporal comparisons of hepatic PFC concentrations showed a marginal increase of PFOS and PFCAs in the adult seals from 2000 to 2007. Unlike the spatial trend observed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), no south to north (urban-rural-remote) decreasing trend was observed for PFCs, suggesting the presence of diffuse sources of PFC contamination throughout the northwest Atlantic.
对2000年至2007年间从大西洋西北部收集的港湾海豹（n = 68）肝脏中的全氟化合物（PFCs）进行了测定，其中包括全氟烷基磺酸盐（PFSAs）和全氟烷基羧酸盐（PFCAs）。在所测量的十种全氟化合物中，肝脏中全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）的浓度最高（8 - 1388 ng/g，湿重），其次是全氟十一烷酸（PFUnDA）（<1 - 30.7 ng/g，湿重）。海豹肝脏中长链（C7 - C12）全氟烷基羧酸盐的异常积累模式以及全氟十一烷酸占主导地位，其次是全氟萘酸，这表明氟调聚物醇（FTOHs）可能是西北大西洋全氟烷基羧酸盐的主要来源。未发现个体全氟化合物或总全氟化合物浓度存在性别差异。幼崽组织中全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟十二烷磺酸的浓度高于成年海豹，而幼崽和成年海豹之间全氟烷基羧酸盐的浓度相似。幼崽体内全氟辛烷磺酸的浓度比成年雌性高2.6倍，这表明全氟化合物的母体转移很重要。肝脏中全氟辛烷磺酸的浓度与全氟辛烷磺酰胺、全氟十二烷磺酸和个体全氟烷基羧酸盐呈强正相关，表明港湾海豹同时暴露于这些化合物。肝脏中全氟化合物浓度的时间比较显示，2000年至2007年成年海豹体内全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟烷基羧酸盐略有增加。与多氯联苯（PCBs）观察到的空间趋势不同，全氟化合物未观察到从南到北（城市 - 农村 - 偏远地区）的下降趋势，这表明整个西北大西洋存在全氟化合物污染的分散来源。
