PLoS Med. 2011 Jan 25;8(1):e1000401. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000401.
Different challenges are presented by the variety of malaria transmission environments present in the world today. In each setting, improved control for reduction of morbidity is a necessary first step towards the long-range goal of malaria eradication and a priority for regions where the disease burden is high. For many geographic areas where transmission rates are low to moderate, sustained and well-managed application of currently available tools may be sufficient to achieve local elimination. The research needs for these areas will be to sustain and perhaps improve the effectiveness of currently available tools. For other low-to-moderate transmission regions, notably areas where the vectors exhibit behaviours such as outdoor feeding and resting that are not well targeted by current strategies, new interventions that target predictable features of the biology/ecologies of the local vectors will be required. To achieve elimination in areas where high levels of transmission are sustained by very efficient vector species, radically new interventions that significantly reduce the vectorial capacity of wild populations will be needed. Ideally, such interventions should be implemented with a one-time application with a long-lasting impact, such as genetic modification of the vectorial capacity of the wild vector population.
当今世界存在着多种疟疾传播环境，这给疟疾防控带来了不同的挑战。在每种情况下，改善控制措施以降低发病率都是向疟疾消除这一长期目标迈进的必要的第一步，也是疾病负担高的地区的当务之急。对于许多传播率较低或中等的地理区域，持续且管理良好地应用现有工具可能足以实现局部消除。这些地区的研究需求是维持并可能提高现有工具的有效性。对于其他传播率较低或中等的地区，特别是那些病媒表现出的行为（如户外觅食和休息）不能很好地针对当前策略的地区，需要新的干预措施来针对当地病媒的生物学/生态学的可预测特征。要在由非常高效的病媒维持的高传播水平地区实现消除，需要采用全新的干预措施，显著降低野生种群的媒介传播能力。理想情况下，此类干预措施应采用一次性应用，产生持久的影响，例如通过基因改造来降低野生媒介种群的媒介传播能力。
