Wilson M L, Ducey A M, Litwin T S, Gavin T A, Spielman A
Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Med Vet Entomol. 1990 Apr;4(2):151-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1990.tb00273.x.
In order to determine whether the small-scale distribution of immature Ixodes dammini Spielman et al. corresponds closely to the activity patterns of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman), these relationships were examined in a site on Long Island, New York, U.S.A. We first determined the extent and temporal pattern of adult ticks feeding on deer by examining twenty-three resident deer tranquilized during September-December 1985. I. dammini adults infested deer throughout this fall period, most abundantly during October and November. With radio-telemetry collars attached to deer we determined the relative frequency that they occupied 0.25 ha quadrats of the study site. During the following summer, we examined white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque), that inhabited these quadrats and removed immature ticks from each. 8975 larval and 163 nymphal I. dammini were removed from 208 mice trapped in forty-three such quadrats. The frequency of deer using these quadrats was positively correlated with both the number of larval and of nymphal ticks per mouse. These results suggest that risk of I. damminiborne zoonotic disease may be decreased by locally reducing deer density in sites that experience intense human activity.
为了确定未成熟的达氏硬蜱（Ixodes dammini Spielman等人）的小规模分布是否与白尾鹿（Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman)）的活动模式密切相关，在美国纽约长岛的一个地点对这些关系进行了研究。我们首先通过检查1985年9月至12月期间被麻醉的23只常住鹿，确定了成年蜱在鹿身上取食的范围和时间模式。在整个秋季，达氏硬蜱成虫都寄生在鹿身上，10月和11月最为密集。通过给鹿佩戴无线电遥测项圈，我们确定了它们占据研究地点0.25公顷样方的相对频率。在接下来的夏天，我们检查了栖息在这些样方中的白足鼠（Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque)），并从每只鼠身上清除未成熟的蜱。从捕获于43个这样的样方中的208只小鼠身上清除了8975只达氏硬蜱幼虫和163只若虫。鹿使用这些样方的频率与每只小鼠身上幼虫和若虫的数量均呈正相关。这些结果表明，在人类活动频繁的地点，通过局部降低鹿的密度，可能会降低由达氏硬蜱传播的人畜共患病的风险。
