Kollins S H, Newland M C, Critchfield T S
Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama,
Psychon Bull Rev. 1997 Jun;4(2):208-20. doi: 10.3758/BF03209395.
The results of many human operant conditioning experiments appear to show that humans are less sensitive than nonhumans to operant consequences, suggesting species discontinuities in basic behavioral processes. A reanalysis of 31l data sets from 25 studies employing variable-interval schedules of reinforcement designed to assess sensitivity to reinforcement corroborates the claim that human behavioral allocation among alternatives often deviates from predictions based on rates of experimentally programmed consequences. Close inspection of the studies in question, however, suggests that methodological issues contribute heavily to the differences noted so far between humans and nonhumans and that an explanation based upon species discontinuities is not tenable.
许多人类操作性条件反射实验的结果似乎表明，人类对操作性后果的敏感度低于非人类，这表明在基本行为过程中存在物种差异。对25项研究中的311个数据集进行重新分析，这些研究采用了可变间隔强化时间表来评估对强化的敏感度，结果证实了这样一种说法，即人类在不同选择之间的行为分配往往偏离基于实验设定后果发生率的预测。然而，仔细审视这些相关研究表明，方法学问题在很大程度上导致了迄今为止人类与非人类之间所发现的差异，基于物种差异的解释是站不住脚的。
