Department of Management and Marketing, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
Transfusion. 2011 Aug;51(8):1809-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.03053.x. Epub 2011 Feb 18.
An influx of African migrants and refugees can strain a host country's blood services, because often migrants have unique blood needs that cannot be sourced from local donors. To increase blood donation by the new migrants, host country blood services need to understand how blood and blood donations are viewed by immigrant communities, because recruitment models that are not culturally adapted may have limited success.
Nine focus groups representing a cross-section of Australian-based African communities were conducted in multiple languages, facilitated by bilingual workers. The qualitative protocol was guided by the literature on blood donation by African migrants and communities in Africa. Thematic analysis identified the relevance of issues previously included in the literature and whether other issues facilitated or prohibited blood donation.
Home country cultural issues were not generally raised as barriers to donation, and respondents were positively disposed toward donation. Home country experiences shaped respondents' views in Australia. Participants focused on assisting "individuals in need," rather than giving to a blood service that many viewed with suspicion because of issues in their home country. There was a lack of knowledge about the donation process in Australia. More importantly, respondents perceived that their blood would not be wanted, based on a perception of host country mistrust and discrimination.
Developing an intervention that encourages migrants to donate blood needs to be culturally focused. It appears that addressing perceptions based on home country experiences is essential. Overcoming a general perception of discrimination is beyond any blood service, but there can be an attempt to ensure that blood donation is seen as an inclusive process-blood from everyone, for everyone.
大量非洲移民和难民的涌入可能会给东道国的血液服务带来压力，因为这些移民往往有独特的血液需求，而这些需求无法从当地献血者那里得到满足。为了增加新移民的献血量，东道国的血液服务机构需要了解移民社区如何看待血液和献血，因为不适应文化的招募模式可能收效甚微。
采用多语言的双语工作人员，进行了 9 个焦点小组的研究，代表了澳大利亚的多个非洲社区。定性方案是由非洲移民和非洲社区献血方面的文献指导的。主题分析确定了文献中以前包含的问题的相关性，以及其他问题是否促进或阻碍了献血。
原籍国的文化问题一般不被认为是献血的障碍，受访者对献血持积极态度。原籍国的经历塑造了受访者在澳大利亚的观点。参与者关注的是帮助“有需要的个人”，而不是向一个因在原籍国的问题而受到许多人怀疑的血液服务机构献血。他们对澳大利亚的献血过程知之甚少。更重要的是，受访者认为自己的血液不会被需要，这是基于对东道国不信任和歧视的看法。
制定一项鼓励移民献血的干预措施需要注重文化。解决基于原籍国经历的看法似乎是必要的。克服普遍的歧视感超出了任何血液服务机构的能力范围，但可以尝试确保献血被视为一个包容的过程——每个人的血液，为每个人。
