Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, University of Bamako, Box 1805, Bamako, Mali.
Parasit Vectors. 2011 Feb 21;4:21. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-21.
Mass chemotherapy with praziquantel is the main control strategy for schistosomiasis in Mali. However, in the national control programme for schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis, infants and preschool-aged children are overlooked in preventive chemotherapy campaigns. We therefore determined the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis in children between the ages 1-4 years in three villages across Diema health district, a rural community with endemic schistosomiasis in Mali. For Schistosoma haematobium diagnosis, a single urine sample of 10 ml obtained from each child was subjected to the standard urine filtration method.
Of the 338 children examined 173 (51.2%) were infected. Both prevalence and intensity of infection varied significantly between communities (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference (p = 0.94) in infection rates between boys (51.2%) and girls (50.3%). Likewise, prevalence did not significantly increase with age (p = 0.86). The overall geometric mean of Williams (GMw) was 18.41 eggs/10 ml urine, with no significant association (p = 0.91) between boys (17.48 eggs/10 ml urine) and girls (19.69 eggs/10 ml urine). However, the GMw significantly increased with age (p = 0.04). Infection of preschool children would occur through early exposure to infected water bodies through both passive and active process.
Our study showed that preschool children living closely to lakes across in Mali are at high risk to be infected by schistosomiasis and contributed largely to the transmission; therefore schistosomiasis control interventions should also target infants in addition to school children and adults in endemic areas.
在马里，大规模使用吡喹酮进行化疗是血吸虫病的主要控制策略。然而，在国家血吸虫病和土壤传播性蠕虫病防治规划中，预防化疗活动忽略了婴幼儿。因此，我们在马里血吸虫病流行的迪耶马地区的三个村庄中，对 1-4 岁儿童的尿血吸虫病流行率和感染强度进行了调查。对于曼氏血吸虫病的诊断，从每个儿童采集 10 毫升的单个尿液样本，然后采用标准的尿液过滤法进行检测。
在所检查的 338 名儿童中，有 173 名（51.2%）受到感染。社区之间的感染率和感染强度差异均有统计学意义（p < 0.01）。男孩（51.2%）和女孩（50.3%）之间的感染率无显著差异（p = 0.94）。同样，感染率也与年龄无关（p = 0.86）。总的威廉姆斯几何平均（GMw）为 18.41 个/10 毫升尿液，男孩（17.48 个/10 毫升尿液）和女孩（19.69 个/10 毫升尿液）之间无显著差异（p = 0.91）。然而，GMw 随着年龄的增长而显著增加（p = 0.04）。儿童在湖泊附近生活时，可能通过被动和主动方式早期接触受感染的水体，从而受到感染。
本研究表明，马里湖泊附近的学龄前儿童感染血吸虫病的风险很高，并且对传播做出了很大贡献；因此，在流行地区，除了针对学龄儿童和成人之外，还应将血吸虫病控制干预措施针对婴儿。
