Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
PLoS One. 2022 Feb 15;17(2):e0263929. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263929. eCollection 2022.
Despite twelve rounds of school-based preventive chemotherapy for schistosomiasis in endemic areas of Tanzania such as Mtama district, Lindi: the burden of Schistosoma haematobium infection has remained highly conceivable due to re-infections. The factors associated with continuity of S.haematobium transmission in Mtama district, Lindi have not been fully established. This study investigated the burden and factors contributing to the ongoing transmission of S.haematobium infection in the endemic district of Mtama, Lindi.
A quantitative cross-sectional survey was carried out among 649 school-age children in the Mtama district to determine the burden and factors associated with continuity of S.haematobium infection transmission. A single urine specimen was obtained from each pupil and tested for macro- and microhaematuria, presence of S.haematobium ova, as well intensity of infection; this was complemented with a survey of Bulinus spp snail intermediate hosts and their infectivity. A structured questionnaire was employed to gather information on individual and environmental risk factors for S.haematobium transmission. Summary statistics were computed for individual variables; while a univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between risk factors with S.haematobium infection.
Prevalence of S.haematobium infection by macro- and microhaematuria was 13.1% and 46.2% respectively. The prevalence of S.haematobium ova was 52.7%; intensity of infection was light in 53.1%, and heavy in 46.9%. Snail intermediate hosts were Bulinus globosus and B.nasutus, whose infectivity was 2.2% and 1.3%, respectively. Among the assessed risk factors, long residency (10-13 years) in the area was a significant risk factor for the continuity of S.haematobium transmission (AOR: 21.79, 95% CI: 1.37-346.4).
The observed 52.7% prevalence of S.haematobium infection represents unacceptably high prevalence after 12 rounds of preventive chemotherapy. Therefore, an urgent need for the implementation of integrated multiple control interventions in the Mtama district; is considered to be imperative.
尽管坦桑尼亚恩达利地区的马塔马区等血吸虫病流行地区已经进行了十二轮基于学校的预防性化疗，但由于再次感染，曼氏血吸虫感染的负担仍然很高。马塔马区曼氏血吸虫传播连续性的相关因素尚未完全确定。本研究调查了在林迪恩达利流行地区曼氏血吸虫感染持续传播的负担和促成因素。在马塔马区，对 649 名学龄儿童进行了定量横断面调查，以确定曼氏血吸虫感染传播的负担和相关因素。从每个学生中采集一份尿液样本，检测是否存在宏观和微观血尿、曼氏血吸虫卵的存在以及感染强度；同时还对布利努斯属中间宿主蜗牛及其感染性进行了调查。采用结构化问卷收集个人和环境因素与曼氏血吸虫传播的风险因素信息。对个体变量进行汇总统计；同时进行单变量和多变量逻辑回归分析，评估危险因素与曼氏血吸虫感染之间的关联。
宏观血尿和微观血尿的曼氏血吸虫感染率分别为 13.1%和 46.2%。曼氏血吸虫卵的流行率为 52.7%；感染强度为轻度的占 53.1%，重度的占 46.9%。中间宿主为布利努斯属的 globosus 和 nasutus，其感染性分别为 2.2%和 1.3%。在所评估的危险因素中，在该地区居住 10-13 年是曼氏血吸虫传播连续性的显著危险因素（AOR：21.79，95%CI：1.37-346.4）。
在进行了十二轮预防性化疗后，观察到的 52.7%的曼氏血吸虫感染率仍然很高，令人无法接受。因此，在马塔马区迫切需要实施综合多种控制干预措施。
