Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska Małgorzata, Dudarewicz Adam, Zamojska Małgorzata, Sliwińska-Kowalska Mariola
Zakład Zagrozeń Fizycznych, Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. J. Nofera, Łódź.
Med Pr. 2010;61(5):493-511.
The aim of this study was to assess sound exposure and the risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in orchestral musicians.
Questionnaire inquiries and sound pressure level measurements were carried out in 63 musicians. Based on these data the risk assessment of the NIHL was performed according to ISO 1999:1990 (PN-ISO 1999:1990).
The classical orchestral musicians are usually exposed to sound at equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure levels of 81-90 dB (10-90th percentile), for 20-48 h (10-90th percentile) per week. Occupational exposures to such sound levels over 40 years of employment cause the risk of hearing impairment (expressed as mean hearing threshold level for 2, 3 and 4 kHz equal or greater than 25 dB) in the range of 13-33% and 9-33% in females and males, respectively. The highest risk is related to playing clarinet (up to 33%), tube (up to 34%), trumpet (up to 37%), trombone (up to 40%), percussion section (up to 41%) and horn (up to 47%). About 46% of respondents noticed hearing impairment. Nearly every fifth musician complained of tinnitus while almost half (48%) of them--of hyperacusis. However, only 14% of musicians declared present or past usage of hearing protective devices (HPDs) while over twice of them (30%) intended to use HPDs in the future.
本研究旨在评估管弦乐演奏者的噪声暴露情况及噪声性听力损失（NIHL）风险。
对63名演奏者进行问卷调查和声压级测量。基于这些数据，根据ISO 1999:1990（波兰国家标准ISO 1999:1990）对NIHL进行风险评估。
古典管弦乐演奏者通常每周暴露于等效连续A声级81 - 90 dB（第10 - 90百分位数）的声音中20 - 48小时（第10 - 90百分位数）。在40年的职业生涯中，职业暴露于这种声级会导致女性和男性听力受损的风险（以2、3和4 kHz的平均听力阈值水平等于或大于25 dB表示）分别在13% - 33%和9% - 33%的范围内。最高风险与单簧管演奏（高达33%）、长号演奏（高达34%）、小号演奏（高达37%）、长号演奏（高达40%）、打击乐部分（高达41%）和圆号演奏（高达47%）有关。约46%的受访者注意到听力受损。近五分之一的演奏者抱怨耳鸣，而几乎一半（48%）的演奏者抱怨听觉过敏。然而，只有14%的演奏者宣称目前或过去使用过听力保护装置（HPD），而超过两倍（30%）的演奏者打算在未来使用HPD。
