Auburn University School of Nursing, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
J Community Health. 2011 Oct;36(5):883-93. doi: 10.1007/s10900-011-9381-7.
The purpose of this paper was to report findings from an integrative literature review conducted to identify the theoretical basis of interventions for studies using community health advisors; populations and settings served by community health advisors; characteristics, training, and roles and activities of community health advisors; and the effectiveness of interventions by community health advisors for improving self-management of patients living with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Community health advisors' theoretical interventions were based on providing culturally appropriate care and resolution of health disparities within minority populations. Typically community health advisors were patients themselves living with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Major roles of community health advisors included: supporter, educator, case manager, advocate, and program facilitator. Activities of community health advisors were: coordinating educational programs, conducting educational courses for patients, serving as a link between patients and healthcare professionals, providing counseling, and leading peer support meetings. The effectiveness of interventions by community health advisors was mixed. Examples of outcome criteria were improvements in: knowledge, hemoglobin A1C, low density lipoprotein levels, blood pressure, and physical activity. Community health advisors provide culturally appropriate interventions to promote and restore health and prevent diseases while serving as links between community and healthcare providers.
本文旨在报告一项综合文献回顾的研究结果，该回顾旨在确定社区卫生顾问研究中干预措施的理论基础；社区卫生顾问服务的人群和环境；社区卫生顾问的特征、培训、角色和活动；以及社区卫生顾问在改善 2 型糖尿病患者自我管理方面的干预措施的有效性。社区卫生顾问的理论干预措施基于为少数民族人群提供文化上适当的护理和解决健康差异。通常，社区卫生顾问本身就是 2 型糖尿病患者。社区卫生顾问的主要角色包括：支持者、教育者、个案管理者、倡导者和项目促进者。社区卫生顾问的活动包括：协调教育计划、为患者开设教育课程、充当患者与医疗保健专业人员之间的桥梁、提供咨询以及主持同伴支持会议。社区卫生顾问干预措施的有效性参差不齐。结果标准的例子包括：知识、糖化血红蛋白、低密度脂蛋白水平、血压和体力活动的改善。社区卫生顾问提供文化上适当的干预措施，以促进和恢复健康，预防疾病，同时充当社区和医疗保健提供者之间的联系。
