Moravec Frantisek
Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovská 31, 370 05 Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic.
Folia Parasitol (Praha). 2010 Nov;57(4):313-4. doi: 10.14411/fp.2010.039.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of a paratype specimen (gravid female) of the philometrid nematode Paraphilometroides nemipteri Moravec et Shaharom-Harrison, 1989, the type species of Paraphilometroides Moravec et Shaharom-Harrison, 1989, made it possible to recognise the true structure of the cephalic end and the shape of cuticular ornamentations on the body. In contrast to other philometrid genera, the cephalic end is angular in lateral view and rounded in dorsoventral view; large external cephalic papillae are fused together to form a marked dorsal and a ventral ala, each bent into a curve; six minute internal papillae, including a pair of previously not reported lateral papillae, were found; amphids were indistinct. Cuticular ornamentations (inflations) were found to be transversely elongated. These features, especially the unique cephalic structure, clearly distinguish Paraphilometroides from other philometrids and confirm the validity of this genus. Moravec and Shaharom-Harrison (1989) erected the hitherto monotypic philometrid genus Paraphilometroides Moravec et Shaharom-Harrison, 1989 with the type species P. Nemipteri Moravec et Shaharom-Harrison, 1989, described from females found in the fins and operculum of the marine fish (notchedfin threadfin bream) Nemipterusperonii (Valenciennes) from off the South China Sea coast, Malaysia. The male of P. nemipteri remains unknown. The authors distinguished Paraphilometroides from the related genus Philometroides Yamaguti, 1935 mainly by the unusual structure of the female cephalic end, which is unique within the family Philometridae (see Moravec 2006). However, P. nemipteri was studied only by light microscopy (LM), whereas some details of the cephalic structure, especially the cephalic papillae of gravid philometrid females are usually difficult to observe by LM due to a various degree of their reduction and atrophy (Moravec 2004); in the past, some philometrid species were even reported to have no cephalic papillae. Consequently, the only reliable method to study the cephalic structures in philometrids is the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Therefore, one of the ethanol-preserved paratype specimens (gravid female) of P. nemipteri, deposited in the Helminthologi-cal Collection of the Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre
对1989年发现的嗜子宫线虫属线虫Paraphilometroides nemipteri Moravec et Shaharom-Harrison的一个副模式标本（妊娠雌虫）进行扫描电子显微镜（SEM）检查，使得识别头部末端的真实结构以及虫体表皮纹饰的形状成为可能。与其他嗜子宫线虫属不同，头部末端在侧视图中呈角状，在背腹视图中呈圆形；大型外部头部乳突融合在一起形成明显的背侧和腹侧翼，每个翼弯曲成曲线；发现了六个微小的内部乳突，包括一对先前未报道的侧乳突；头感器不明显。发现表皮纹饰（隆起）横向拉长。这些特征，尤其是独特的头部结构，清楚地将Paraphilometroides与其他嗜子宫线虫区分开来，并证实了该属的有效性。Moravec和Shaharom-Harrison（1989年）建立了迄今为止单型的嗜子宫线虫属Paraphilometroides Moravec et Shaharom-Harrison，1989年，其模式种为P. Nemipteri Moravec et Shaharom-Harrison，1989年，并根据在马来西亚南海沿岸的海洋鱼类（缺刻鳍金线鱼）Nemipterusperonii（瓦朗谢纳）的鳍和鳃盖中发现的雌虫进行了描述。P. nemipteri的雄虫仍然未知。作者将Paraphilometroides与相关的嗜子宫线虫属Philometroides Yamaguti，1935主要通过雌虫头部末端的异常结构区分开来，这在嗜子宫线虫科中是独特的（见Moravec 2006）。然而，P. nemipteri仅通过光学显微镜（LM）进行了研究，而头部结构的一些细节，尤其是妊娠嗜子宫线虫雌虫的头部乳突，由于其不同程度的退化和萎缩，通常很难通过LM观察到（Moravec 2004）；过去，甚至有一些嗜子宫线虫物种被报道没有头部乳突。因此，研究嗜子宫线虫头部结构的唯一可靠方法是使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）。因此，保存在寄生虫学研究所蠕虫学收藏中的P. nemipteri的一个乙醇保存副模式标本（妊娠雌虫）
