Blood pressure variability and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke with vascular compression on the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM).

One of the known causes of hypertension is vascular compression on the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). However, it remains unknown whether RVLM vascular compression causes the significant variability in blood pressure observed during acute ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in blood pressure variability and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients based on the presence or absence of RVLM vascular compression. We evaluated 56 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Blood pressure was measured every 6 h for 72 h after admission and evaluated with successive variation (SV). The presence of RVLM vascular compression was evaluated using time-of-flight 3D magnetic resonance imaging. Neurological severity was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at admission and 14 days after admission, and clinical improvement was determined by taking the difference in the NIHSS scores between admission and at 14 days. Patient clinical outcome was evaluated with the modified Rankin scale on discharge. Vascular compression of the RVLM was identified in 15 patients (26.8%). The proportion of patients showing clinical improvement was significantly higher in the non-compression group (odds ratio, 0.21 (95% CI = 0.06-0.78); P = 0.01). The SV value for systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the compression group (P < 0.0001). We found that patients with RVLM vascular compression had a greater variability in blood pressure during the acute ischemic stroke phase, which may be related to poorer prognosis.