Zaudig M
Psychosomatische Klinik Windach, Windach, Deutschland.
Nervenarzt. 2011 Mar;82(3):290, 292, 294-6, passim. doi: 10.1007/s00115-010-2966-z.
Although the DSM-IV-TR suggests that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a coherent syndrome, scientific evidence offers a compelling case that OCD is highly heterogeneous and possibly composed of many different subtypes. OCD can display completely distinct symptom patterns thus making it difficult to identify a single "textbook" profile of OCD. The present state of research concerning subtyping is presented. There is a high comorbidity with depression and anxiety disorders, but all together data concerning OCD comorbidity are still not convincing. Currently obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (OCS) are described as a set of disorders lying on a continuum from compulsive to impulsive, with the unifying feature being an inability to regulate behaviour as a consequence of defects in inhibition. OCS disorders fall into three major clusters: impulsive disorders, disorders associated with appearance in bodily sensations, and neurological disorders characterized by repetitive behaviour. How these putative OCS disorders overlap with and are independent from obsessive-compulsive disorder itself is thoroughly discussed.
尽管《精神疾病诊断与统计手册第四版修订版》（DSM-IV-TR）表明强迫症（OCD）是一种连贯的综合征，但科学证据有力地证明，强迫症具有高度异质性，可能由许多不同的亚型组成。强迫症可表现出完全不同的症状模式，因此难以确定单一的“教科书式”强迫症特征。本文介绍了有关亚型分类的研究现状。强迫症与抑郁症和焦虑症的共病率很高，但关于强迫症共病的所有数据仍不具说服力。目前，强迫谱系障碍（OCS）被描述为一组从强迫到冲动连续分布的障碍，其统一特征是由于抑制缺陷而无法调节行为。强迫谱系障碍可分为三大类：冲动障碍、与身体感觉出现相关的障碍以及以重复行为为特征的神经障碍。本文深入讨论了这些假定的强迫谱系障碍如何与强迫症本身重叠以及相互独立。
