Diedrich Alice, Voderholzer Ulrich
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Behaviour Therapy, University of Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany,
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2015 Feb;17(2):2. doi: 10.1007/s11920-014-0547-8.
This review provides a current overview on the diagnostics, epidemiology, co-occurrences, aetiology and treatment of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). The diagnostic criteria for OCPD according to the recently published Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) include an official set of criteria for clinical practice and a new, alternative set of criteria for research purposes. OCPD is a personality disorder prevalent in the general population (3-8 %) that is more common in older and less educated individuals. Findings on sex distribution and course of OCPD are inconsistent. OCPD is comorbid with several other medical and psychological conditions. As for causes of OCPD, most empirical evidence provides support for disturbed attachment as well as the heritability of OCPD. So far, cognitive (behavioural) therapy is the best validated treatment of OCPD. Self-esteem variability, stronger early alliances as well as the distress level seem to predict cognitive (behavioural) therapy outcome. Future research is needed to further advance knowledge in OCPD and to resolve inconsistencies.
本综述提供了关于强迫型人格障碍（OCPD）的诊断、流行病学、共病情况、病因及治疗的最新概述。根据最近出版的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM - 5），OCPD的诊断标准包括一套用于临床实践的官方标准和一套用于研究目的的新的替代标准。OCPD是一种在普通人群中普遍存在的人格障碍（3 - 8%），在年龄较大和受教育程度较低的个体中更为常见。关于OCPD的性别分布和病程的研究结果并不一致。OCPD与其他几种医学和心理状况共病。至于OCPD的病因，大多数实证证据支持依恋障碍以及OCPD的遗传性。到目前为止，认知（行为）疗法是OCPD最有效的已验证治疗方法。自尊变异性、更强的早期联盟以及痛苦程度似乎可以预测认知（行为）疗法的结果。未来需要进一步开展研究，以增进对OCPD的了解并解决不一致之处。
