Nohad A. Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA.
J Phys Act Health. 2011 Jan;8 Suppl 1:S116-24. doi: 10.1123/jpah.8.s1.s116.
Research has established that built environments, including street networks, bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure, and land uses, can positively affect the frequency and duration of daily physical activity. Attention is now being given to policy frameworks such as zoning codes that set the standards and expectations for this built environment.
We examined the adoption and implementation of mixed-use and related zoning provisions with specific attention to the role that physical activity serves as a motivation for such policies and to what extent public health agencies influence the adoption process. A sample of planning directors from 53 communities with outstanding examples of mixed-use developments and 145 randomly selected midsized communities were surveyed.
Physical activity is not a dominant motivator in master plans and/or zoning codes and public health agencies played minor roles in policy adoption. However, physical activity as a motivation appears to be increasing in recent years and is associated with higher levels of policy innovation.
Recommendations include framing the importance of physical activity in terms of other dominant concerns such as livability, dynamic centers, and economic development. Health agencies are encouraged to work in coalitions to focus arguments on behalf of physical activity.
研究表明，建筑环境（包括街道网络、自行车和行人基础设施以及土地利用）可以积极影响日常身体活动的频率和持续时间。现在，人们开始关注分区法规等政策框架，这些框架为建筑环境设定了标准和期望。
我们研究了混合用途和相关分区规定的采用和实施情况，特别关注作为此类政策动机的身体活动，以及公共卫生机构在多大程度上影响采用过程。对 53 个拥有杰出混合用途开发项目的社区和 145 个随机选择的中等规模社区的规划主任进行了调查。
身体活动不是总体规划和/或分区法规的主要动机，公共卫生机构在政策采用过程中只扮演了次要角色。然而，近年来，身体活动作为动机的重要性似乎在增加，并且与更高水平的政策创新相关。
建议包括根据其他主要关注点（如宜居性、充满活力的中心和经济发展）来构建身体活动的重要性。鼓励卫生机构在联盟中合作，集中精力为身体活动辩护。
