Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Acta Paediatr. 2011 Sep;100(9):1234-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02240.x. Epub 2011 Apr 20.
To determine whether parent-reported perennial rhinitis or objectively measured nasal resistance is more common in children from smoking families. To assess tonsillar size, nasopharyngeal airway and upper airway surgery frequency in children with smoking and non-smoking parents.
Ninety-five children (age 3-6 years, median 68 months) participated in this prospective cross-sectional clinical study. History of nasal symptoms was obtained, and all underwent an ear-nose-throat examination, anterior rhinomanometry and a lateral cephalogram. Regular smoking by either parent and their child's snoring was inquired about with a parental questionnaire. We compared children with a parental smoker and children without a parental smoker in the family.
Smoking in the family led to increased risk for perennial rhinitis in the children up to 2.76-fold (aOR, 95%CI 1.00-7.67), but with no difference in nasal resistance between children from smoking and non-smoking households. Neither tonsillar size, nasopharyngeal airway nor upper airway surgery was associated with parental smoking.
Parental smoking is associated with symptoms of perennial rhinitis in children. The possible role of environmental tobacco smoke should be taken into account in parent counselling and in evaluation of children being treated for symptoms of rhinitis and nasal obstruction.
确定在吸烟家庭的儿童中，父母报告的常年性鼻炎或客观测量的鼻阻力更常见。评估有吸烟和不吸烟父母的儿童的扁桃体大小、鼻咽气道和上呼吸道手术频率。
95 名儿童（年龄 3-6 岁，中位数 68 个月）参与了这项前瞻性横断面临床研究。记录了鼻症状史，所有儿童均接受了耳鼻喉检查、前鼻测压和侧位颅面摄影。通过父母问卷询问父母或其子女的常规吸烟情况以及打鼾情况。我们比较了有父母吸烟的儿童和家庭中没有父母吸烟的儿童。
家庭吸烟使儿童患常年性鼻炎的风险增加了 2.76 倍（优势比，95%置信区间 1.00-7.67），但吸烟家庭和非吸烟家庭儿童的鼻阻力无差异。扁桃体大小、鼻咽气道或上呼吸道手术均与父母吸烟无关。
父母吸烟与儿童常年性鼻炎的症状有关。在对有鼻炎和鼻阻塞症状的儿童进行治疗时，应考虑环境烟草烟雾的可能作用，并在父母咨询中加以考虑。
