Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2011 May;59(2):263-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.01.019. Epub 2011 Feb 23.
There are over 10,000 species of venomous marine molluscs, the vast majority of these, which are generally referred to as "turrids", are traditionally assigned to a single family, Turridae (Powell 1966). Here, we provide an initial molecular analysis of the type genus of the family, Turris Röding, 1798, thought to be among the most well characterized groups in the family. We show that the type genus is not monophyletic. We analyzed specimens conventionally assigned to 9 different Turris species using molecular markers, combined with the shell morphology and radular anatomy whenever feasible. The results suggest that species assigned to the genus Turris, provisionally assigned to two different subgenera are not monophyletic. Five previously described species belong to the subgenus Turris (s.s.) Röding 1798: Turris babylonia, (Linne, 1758), Turris grandis, (J. E. Gray, 1834), Turris dollyae, (Olivera, 1999), Turris normandavidsoni (Olivera, 1999) and Turris spectabilis (Reeve, 1843). With a change in species designation, Turris assyria (formerly T. babylonia1010) is added to a well-defined clade, which is in turn more closely related to Lophiotoma and Gemmula species than to the other five Turris species. We show that these five species conventionally assigned to Turris do not belong in the same subgenus, and form a clade provisionally designated as AnnulaturrisPowell, 1966: Turris annulata, (Reeve, 1843), Turris undosa, (Lamarck, 1816), Turris cristata, (Vera-Peláez, Vega-Luz, and Lozano-Francisco 2000) Turris cryptorrhaphe (G. B. Sowerby, 1825) and Turris nadaensis (Azuma, 1973). Implications of the molecular phylogenetic results and its correlation with radular morphology are discussed.
海洋有毒软体动物超过 10,000 种，其中绝大多数通常被称为“turrids”，被传统地归入一个单一的科，即 Turridae（Powell 1966）。在这里，我们对该科的模式属，Turris Röding，1798 进行了初步的分子分析，该属被认为是该科中特征最为明显的群体之一。我们表明，该模式属不是单系的。我们使用分子标记分析了传统上分配给 9 种不同的 Turris 物种的标本，结合壳形态和齿舌解剖学，只要可行。结果表明，分配给 Turris 属的物种，暂时分配给两个不同的亚属不是单系的。五个以前描述的物种属于 Turris（s.s.）Röding 1798 亚属：Turris babylonia（Linne，1758），Turris grandis（J. E. Gray，1834），Turris dollyae（Olivera，1999），Turris normandavidsoni（Olivera，1999）和 Turris spectabilis（Reeve，1843）。随着物种命名的改变，Turris assyria（以前称为 T. babylonia1010）被添加到一个明确的分支中，该分支与 Lophiotoma 和 Gemmula 物种的关系比与其他五个 Turris 物种的关系更密切。我们表明，这五个传统上分配给 Turris 的物种不属于同一个亚属，并且形成了一个分支，暂时被命名为 AnnulaturrisPowell，1966：Turris annulata（Reeve，1843），Turris undosa（Lamarck，1816），Turris cristata（Vera-Peláez，Vega-Luz 和 Lozano-Francisco 2000），Turris cryptorrhaphe（G. B. Sowerby，1825）和 Turris nadaensis（Azuma，1973）。讨论了分子系统发育结果及其与齿舌形态的相关性的影响。
