Laboratorio de Microbiología de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Área Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 3° Piso, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2011 Mar 15;146(1):38-43. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.01.034. Epub 2011 Jan 31.
Thirty-five samples of poultry feeds and corresponding raw materials (maize, soybean and meat meal) from a processing plant were analyzed to evaluate the distribution and toxigenicity of Aspergillus section Flavi isolates. Mycological analysis of the samples indicated the presence of five fungal genera (Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Cladosporium, and Eurotium). Aspergillus flavus was the predominant species being present in 48.5% of the analyzed samples. Ninety-one isolates belonging to Aspergillus section Flavi were isolated; ninety were identified as A. flavus and only one as A. parasiticus. Fifty-seven isolates were capable of producing sclerotia, 41 were identified as L-type strains and 16 as type S. Fifty-seven percent of the isolates produced AFB₁ levels ranging from 0.05 μg/kg to 27.7 μg/kg whereas 86.8% produced CPA from 1.5 μg/kg to 137.8 μg/kg. L-strains produced from 0.05 to 14.8 μg/kg of aflatoxin and type S produced levels from 0.05 to 1.65 μg/kg. No significant differences in CPA production among S- and L-strains were observed. Sclerotial isolates produced AFB₁ levels ranging between 0.05 and 27.7 μg/kg and CPA levels from 3.8 to 47.3 μg/kg. More than half of the A. flavus isolates were able to produce AFB and CPA simultaneously. Twenty percent of the 35 samples were contaminated with aflatoxin B₁ whereas 34.3% were contaminated with CPA. The high rate of CPA producing isolates represents a potential risk of contamination with this toxin in poultry feeds.
从一家加工厂采集了 35 份家禽饲料和相应的原材料（玉米、大豆和肉粉）样本，以评估黄曲霉属真菌的分布和产毒情况。对样本的真菌学分析表明，存在五个真菌属（曲霉属、青霉属、镰刀菌属、枝孢属和青霉属）。黄曲霉是主要的物种，存在于 48.5%的分析样本中。共分离出 91 株属于黄曲霉属的菌株；其中 90 株鉴定为黄曲霉，只有 1 株鉴定为寄生曲霉。有 57 株能够产生菌核，其中 41 株鉴定为 L 型菌株，16 株鉴定为 S 型。57%的分离株产生的黄曲霉毒素 B₁水平在 0.05 μg/kg 至 27.7 μg/kg 之间，而 86.8%的分离株产生的玉米赤霉烯酮水平在 1.5 μg/kg 至 137.8 μg/kg 之间。L 型菌株产生的黄曲霉毒素水平在 0.05 至 14.8 μg/kg 之间，S 型菌株产生的黄曲霉毒素水平在 0.05 至 1.65 μg/kg 之间。S 型菌株和 L 型菌株的玉米赤霉烯酮产生水平没有显著差异。菌核分离株产生的黄曲霉毒素 B₁水平在 0.05 至 27.7 μg/kg 之间，玉米赤霉烯酮水平在 3.8 至 47.3 μg/kg 之间。超过一半的黄曲霉属分离株能够同时产生黄曲霉毒素 B₁和玉米赤霉烯酮。20%的 35 个样本受到黄曲霉毒素 B₁的污染，34.3%的样本受到玉米赤霉烯酮的污染。产生玉米赤霉烯酮的分离株比例较高，表明家禽饲料中存在这种毒素污染的潜在风险。
