Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
Math Biosci Eng. 2011 Jan;8(1):77-93. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2011.8.77.
This review focuses on how infectious diseases and their prevention and control by development of vaccines and widespread vaccination has shaped evolution of human civilization and of the animals and plants that humans depend on for food, labor and companionship. After describing major infectious diseases and the current status for control by vaccination, the barriers to infection and the attributes of innate and acquired immunity contributing to control are discussed. The evolution in types of vaccines is presented in the context of developing technologies and in improving adjuvants to engender enhanced vaccine efficacy. The special concerns and needs in vaccine design and development are discussed in dealing with epidemics/pandemics with special emphasis on influenza and current global problems in vaccine delivery.
本篇综述聚焦于传染病及其防控，包括疫苗的开发和广泛接种，这些因素如何塑造了人类文明以及人类赖以获取食物、劳动力和陪伴的动植物的进化。在描述了主要传染病和当前通过疫苗接种控制的现状后，讨论了感染的障碍以及固有和获得性免疫的特性，这些特性有助于控制传染病。在介绍疫苗类型的演变时，我们探讨了发展新技术和改进佐剂以提高疫苗效力的问题。在应对流感等传染病和当前全球疫苗接种问题时，我们讨论了疫苗设计和开发中的特殊关注点和需求。
