Tilburg Centre for Cognition and Communication & Tilburg Institute of Behavioral Economics Research, Tilburg University, The Netherlands.
Br J Soc Psychol. 2011 Jun;50(Pt 2):321-30. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.2010.02002.x. Epub 2011 Mar 1.
People like self-consistent feedback because it induces feelings of predictability and control, but they like positive feedback because it induces positive self-esteem. We show that self-salience determines whether people are more consistency- or positivity-driven. When self-knowledge is salient, people's primary responses (i.e., under load) are consistency-driven (people with low self-esteem feel better after negative feedback than after positive feedback, whereas people with high self-esteem feel better after positive feedback than after negative feedback) and controlled responses are positivity-driven (people feel better after positive feedback than after negative feedback, regardless of self-consistency). Without salient self-knowledge this pattern reverses: people's primary responses are positivity-driven, whereas people's controlled responses are consistency-driven.
人们喜欢自洽的反馈，因为它能带来可预测性和控制感，但他们更喜欢积极的反馈，因为它能带来积极的自尊。我们表明，自我突显决定了人们是更受一致性驱动还是更受积极性驱动。当自我知识突显时，人们的主要反应（即在负荷下）是受一致性驱动的（低自尊的人在收到负面反馈后感觉比收到正面反馈后更好，而高自尊的人则在收到正面反馈后感觉比收到负面反馈后更好），而受控反应则是积极性驱动的（无论自我一致性如何，人们在收到正面反馈后感觉比收到负面反馈后更好）。没有明显的自我知识时，这种模式会反转：人们的主要反应是积极性驱动的，而人们的受控反应是受一致性驱动的。
