Pelham B W, Swann W B
University of Texas, Austin.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989 Oct;57(4):672-80. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.57.4.672.
Three factors were identified that uniquely contribute to people's global self-esteem: (a) people's tendencies to experience positive and negative affective states, (b) people's specific self-views (i.e., their conceptions of their strengths and weaknesses), and (c) the way people frame their self-views. Framing factors included the relative certainty and importance of people's positive versus negative self-views and the discrepancy between people's actual and ideal self-views. The contribution of importance to people's self-esteem, however, was qualified in 2 ways. First, importance contributed only to the self-esteem of those who perceived that they had relatively few talents. Second, individuals who saw their positive self-views as important were especially likely to be high in self-esteem when they were also highly certain of these positive self-views. The theoretical and therapeutic implications of these findings are discussed.
（a）人们体验积极和消极情感状态的倾向；（b）人们具体的自我看法（即他们对自身优缺点的认知）；（c）人们构建自我看法的方式。构建因素包括人们积极与消极自我看法的相对确定性和重要性，以及人们实际自我看法与理想自我看法之间的差异。然而，重要性对人们自尊的影响在两个方面受到限制。首先，重要性仅对那些认为自己天赋相对较少的人的自尊产生影响。其次，那些认为自己积极的自我看法很重要的个体，当他们对这些积极的自我看法也高度确定时，尤其有可能具有较高的自尊。本文讨论了这些研究结果的理论和治疗意义。
