Department of Athletics, University School of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Sep;43(9):1798-807. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318215d10b.
There are no studies analyzing the effect of training loads on purine metabolism during long training periods.
The study's purpose was to evaluate the effect of training load changes and subsequent detraining on purine metabolism in middle-distance runners during a 1-yr cycle.
In four characteristic points of the training cycle, loads assigned to five intensity zones, pre- and postexercise plasma hypoxanthine (Hx) and uric acid, and erythrocyte Hx-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) activity were determined in 11 male middle-distance runners at the national level, practicing competitive sport for 8.1 ± 0.3 yr and with a mean age of 22.3 ± 0.7 yr, body mass of 73.0 ± 3.4 kg, and body height of 180 ± 2.2 cm.
In the competition phase (CP), training loads in aerobic compensation and threshold zones decreased by 65.4% and by 20.5%, respectively. At the same time, anaerobic training loads increased by 132.5% in the VO(2max) zone and by 74.6% in the lactic acid tolerance zone. Postexercise Hx decreased significantly in CP by 6.2 μmol·L(-1). and increased in the transition phase (TP) by 17.4 μmol·L(-1). Both pre- and postexercise HGPRT activity increased significantly in CP by 9.3 nmol·mg(-1)·h(-1). and by 4.9 nmol·mg(-1)·h(-1). , respectively, and decreased significantly in TP by 10.6 nmol·mg(-1)·h(-1). and by 12.0 nmol·mg(-1)·h(-1). , respectively. A significant uric acid increase of 54 μmol·L(-1). was revealed merely in TP.
The effect of anaerobic training on purine metabolism is significant despite of a very short total duration of anaerobic loads. Elevated preexercise HGPRT activity in CP suggests adaptation changes consisting in a "permanent readiness" for purine salvage. The detraining in TP leads to reverse adaptation changes. Probably, plasma Hx concentration and erythrocyte HGPRT activity may be considered as a useful measure of training status.
目前尚无研究分析长期训练过程中训练负荷对嘌呤代谢的影响。
本研究的目的是评估在 1 年周期中，训练负荷变化及随后停训对中长跑运动员嘌呤代谢的影响。
在训练周期的 4 个特征点，测定 11 名国家级男子中长跑运动员在运动前后血浆次黄嘌呤（Hx）和尿酸以及红细胞 Hx-鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶（HGPRT）活性，这些运动员从事竞技运动 8.1±0.3 年，平均年龄 22.3±0.7 岁，体重 73.0±3.4kg，身高 180±2.2cm。
在比赛阶段（CP），有氧补偿和阈值区的训练负荷分别下降 65.4%和 20.5%。与此同时，在 VO2max 区和乳酸耐受区的无氧训练负荷分别增加了 132.5%和 74.6%。CP 运动后 Hx 显著下降 6.2μmol·L-1，TP 显著升高 17.4μmol·L-1。CP 中，HGPRT 活性的预运动和运动后均显著增加 9.3nmol·mg-1·h-1和 4.9nmol·mg-1·h-1，TP 则显著降低 10.6nmol·mg-1·h-1和 12.0nmol·mg-1·h-1。仅在 TP 中发现尿酸显著升高 54μmol·L-1。
尽管无氧负荷的总持续时间很短，但无氧训练对嘌呤代谢的影响是显著的。CP 中运动前 HGPRT 活性升高表明适应变化包括嘌呤补救的“永久准备”。TP 中的停训导致了相反的适应变化。可能，血浆 Hx 浓度和红细胞 HGPRT 活性可以作为训练状态的有用指标。
