Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Histology, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
J Appl Oral Sci. 2004 Mar;12(1):62-9. doi: 10.1590/s1678-77572004000100012.
Over the last few years, various bone graft materials of bovine origin to be used in oromaxillofacial surgeries have entered the market. In the present study, we determined the capacity of a block organic bone graft material (Gen-ox, Baumer SA, Brazil) prepared from bovine cancellous bone to promote the repair of critical size bone injuries in rat calvaria. A transosseous defect measuring approximately 8mm in diameter was performed with a surgical trephine in the parietal bone of 25 rats. In 15 animals, the defects were filled with a block of graft material measuring 8mm in diameter and soaked in the animal's own blood, and in the other 10 animals the defects were only filled with blood clots. The calvariae of rats receiving the material were collected 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery, and those of animals receiving the blood clots were collected immediately and 6 months after surgery. During surgery, the graft material was found to be of easy handling and to adapt perfectly to the receptor bed after soaking in blood. The results showed that, in most animals treated, the material was slowly resorbed and served as a space filling and maintenance material, favoring angiogenesis, cell migration and adhesion, and bone neoformation from the borders of the lesion. However, a foreign body-type granulomatous reaction, with the presence of numerous giant cells preventing local bone neoformation, was observed in two animals of the 1-month subgroup and in one animal of the 3-month subgroup. These cases were interpreted as resulting from the absence of demineralization and the lack of removal of potential antigen factors during production of the biomaterial. We conclude that, with improvement in the quality control of the material production, block organic bone matrix will become a good alternative for bone defect repair in the oromaxillofacial region due to its high osteoconductive capacity.
在过去的几年中，各种牛源骨移植材料已经进入口腔颌面外科领域。在本研究中，我们评估了一种从牛松质骨制备的块状有机骨移植材料（Gen-ox，Baumer SA，巴西）修复大鼠颅骨临界尺寸骨缺损的能力。使用手术环钻在 25 只大鼠的顶骨中制备直径约 8mm 的穿通性骨缺损。在 15 只动物中，将直径为 8mm 的移植材料块填充到缺陷中并用动物自身的血液浸泡，在另外 10 只动物中，仅填充血凝块。在手术后 1、3 和 6 个月分别收集接受材料的大鼠颅骨，以及在手术后立即和 6 个月收集接受血凝块的动物颅骨。手术过程中发现，移植材料易于操作，在血液浸泡后可与受体床完美适配。结果表明，在大多数治疗动物中，材料被缓慢吸收，作为空间填充和维持材料，有利于血管生成、细胞迁移和黏附以及从病变边缘形成新骨。然而，在 1 个月亚组的 2 只动物和 3 个月亚组的 1 只动物中观察到异物型肉芽肿反应，存在大量巨细胞，阻止局部骨形成。这些病例被解释为由于生物材料生产过程中缺乏脱矿质和去除潜在的抗原因素导致的。我们得出结论，随着材料生产质量控制的提高，块状有机骨基质由于其较高的成骨能力，将成为口腔颌面区域骨缺损修复的良好选择。
