Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2011 Apr;13(2):149-58. doi: 10.1007/s11908-011-0168-x.
In clinical practice, a rapid and accurate identification of pathogens causing viral respiratory tract infections can be problematic because of nonspecific clinical presentations, lack of rapid and sensitive tests, and the emergence of new and mutating viral pathogens. Nucleic acid-targeted molecular techniques are increasingly being used to provide high sensitivity and specificity, short test turnaround time, and automatic and high-throughput processing. In-house and commercially available molecular methods have been developed to qualitatively and quantitatively detect and identify a single or a panel of clinically encountered respiratory tract viruses in a single reaction. Molecular techniques are being gradually introduced in routine laboratory diagnosis of viral respiratory tract infections. However, their performance characteristics and limitations must be clearly understood by both laboratory personnel and clinicians to ensure proper utilization and interpretation.
在临床实践中，由于临床表现不具特异性、缺乏快速而敏感的检测手段，以及新出现的、不断变异的病毒病原体，快速准确地鉴定导致病毒性呼吸道感染的病原体可能存在问题。核酸靶向分子技术的应用日益广泛，因其具有高灵敏度和特异性、较短的检测周转时间，以及自动化和高通量处理的特点。已开发出了用于定性和定量检测及鉴定单一或一组临床中常见呼吸道病毒的实验室自建方法和商业化方法，这些方法可在单个反应中完成。分子技术逐渐被引入病毒性呼吸道感染的常规实验室诊断中。但是，实验室人员和临床医生必须清楚地了解其性能特点和局限性，以确保正确利用和解释检测结果。
