Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1243 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Rail Transportation and Engineering Center, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
J Hazard Mater. 2011 May 15;189(1-2):62-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.136. Epub 2011 Mar 1.
North America railways offer safe and generally the most economical means of long distance transport of hazardous materials. Nevertheless, in the event of a train accident releases of these materials can pose substantial risk to human health, property or the environment. The majority of railway shipments of hazardous materials are in tank cars. Improving the safety design of these cars to make them more robust in accidents generally increases their weight thereby reducing their capacity and consequent transportation efficiency. This paper presents a generalized tank car safety design optimization model that addresses this tradeoff. The optimization model enables evaluation of each element of tank car safety design, independently and in combination with one another. We present the optimization model by identifying a set of Pareto-optimal solutions for a baseline tank car design in a bicriteria decision problem. This model provides a quantitative framework for a rational decision-making process involving tank car safety design enhancements to reduce the risk of transporting hazardous materials.
北美铁路提供了安全且通常是最经济的长途运输危险材料的方式。然而，在发生火车事故的情况下，这些材料的释放可能会对人类健康、财产或环境造成重大风险。大多数危险材料的铁路运输都在罐车中进行。为了提高这些车辆在事故中的安全设计，使其更加坚固，通常会增加车辆的重量，从而降低其容量和相应的运输效率。本文提出了一种广义的罐车安全设计优化模型，以解决这种权衡问题。该优化模型能够独立地和相互组合地评估罐车安全设计的各个要素。我们通过在双标准决策问题中为基准罐车设计确定一组帕累托最优解来展示优化模型。该模型为涉及罐车安全设计增强以降低运输危险材料风险的理性决策过程提供了一个定量框架。
