Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1243 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1243 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
J Hazard Mater. 2014 Jan 15;264:560-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.10.051. Epub 2013 Oct 30.
An important aspect of railroad environmental risk management involves tank car transportation of hazardous materials. This paper describes a quantitative, environmental risk analysis of rail transportation of a group of light, non-aqueous-phase liquid (LNAPL) chemicals commonly transported by rail in North America. The Hazardous Materials Transportation Environmental Consequence Model (HMTECM) was used in conjunction with a geographic information system (GIS) analysis of environmental characteristics to develop probabilistic estimates of exposure to different spill scenarios along the North American rail network. The risk analysis incorporated the estimated clean-up cost developed using the HMTECM, route-specific probability distributions of soil type and depth to groundwater, annual traffic volume, railcar accident rate, and tank car safety features, to estimate the nationwide annual risk of transporting each product. The annual risk per car-mile (car-km) and per ton-mile (ton-km) was also calculated to enable comparison between chemicals and to provide information on the risk cost associated with shipments of these products. The analysis and the methodology provide a quantitative approach that will enable more effective management of the environmental risk of transporting hazardous materials.
铁路环境风险管理的一个重要方面涉及危险材料的罐车运输。本文描述了一种对北美铁路运输的一组常见轻非水相液体（LNAPL）化学品的环境风险的定量分析。危害材料运输环境后果模型（HMTECM）与地理信息系统（GIS）对环境特征的分析结合使用，以开发沿北美铁路网不同泄漏情景下暴露的概率估计。风险分析纳入了使用 HMTECM 开发的估计清理成本、特定路线的土壤类型和地下水位深度的概率分布、年交通量、轨道车事故率以及罐车安全特性，以估算每种产品的全国年运输风险。还计算了每车英里（车公里）和每吨英里（吨公里）的年风险，以比较化学品之间的风险，并提供与这些产品运输相关的风险成本信息。该分析和方法提供了一种定量方法，将使危险材料运输的环境风险管理更加有效。
