Toxinology Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia,
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2011 Jun;13(3):236-42. doi: 10.1007/s11908-011-0172-1.
Clinical toxinology is a specialized area of clinical medicine focused on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases caused by animal, plant, and fungal toxins. This review focuses on recent developments in snakebite. Snakebite is newly recognized as a Neglected Tropical Disease by the World Health Organization (WHO), reflecting the large human and economic cost of this disease. New WHO guidelines on antivenom production are available. The methods of producing antivenom and dosing are changing as understanding of envenoming improves. Lower antivenom doses in some regions are delivering equal outcomes, but antivenom cannot fully treat all envenoming types. Early antivenom treatment may reduce local tissue damage in some types of snakebite.
临床毒理学是临床医学的一个专业领域，专注于动物、植物和真菌毒素引起的疾病的病理生理学、诊断、治疗和预防。本综述重点介绍蛇伤的最新进展。蛇伤被世界卫生组织（WHO）新确认为被忽视的热带病，反映了这种疾病给人类和经济带来的巨大代价。新的世卫组织抗蛇毒血清生产指南已经发布。随着对中毒机制认识的提高，抗蛇毒血清的生产方法和剂量正在发生变化。在一些地区，较低剂量的抗蛇毒血清就能达到同等效果，但抗蛇毒血清并不能完全治疗所有类型的中毒。早期使用抗蛇毒血清治疗可能会减少某些类型蛇伤的局部组织损伤。
