Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK.
J Evol Biol. 2011 May;24(5):1020-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02236.x. Epub 2011 Mar 4.
Natural selection operates both directly, via the impact of a trait upon the individual's own fitness, and indirectly, via the impact of the trait upon the fitness of the individual's genetically related social partners. These effects are often framed in terms of Hamilton's rule, rb - c > 0, which provides the central result of social-evolution theory. However, a number of studies have questioned the generality of Hamilton's rule, suggesting that it requires restrictive assumptions. Here, we use Fisher's genetical paradigm to demonstrate the generality of Hamilton's rule and to clarify links between different studies. We show that confusion has arisen owing to researchers misidentifying model parameters with the b and c terms in Hamilton's rule, and misidentifying measures of genotypic similarity or genealogical relationship with the coefficient of genetic relatedness, r. More generally, we emphasize the need to distinguish between general kin-selection theory that forms the foundations of social evolution, and streamlined kin-selection methodology that is used to solve specific problems.
自然选择既可以直接作用，通过特征对个体自身适应性的影响，也可以间接作用，通过特征对个体遗传相关社交伙伴适应性的影响。这些影响通常可以用汉密尔顿规则（rb-c>0）来解释，该规则提供了社会进化理论的核心结果。然而，许多研究质疑了汉密尔顿规则的普遍性，表明它需要有严格的假设条件。在这里，我们使用 Fisher 的遗传范例来证明汉密尔顿规则的普遍性，并澄清不同研究之间的联系。我们表明，由于研究人员将模型参数与汉密尔顿规则中的 b 和 c 项混淆，将基因型相似性或谱系关系的度量与遗传相关性系数 r 混淆，导致了混淆的出现。更普遍地，我们强调需要区分作为社会进化基础的一般亲缘选择理论，以及用于解决特定问题的简化亲缘选择方法。
