Osteopathic Education Development, British School of Osteopathy (BSO), London, UK.
Nurs Philos. 2011 Apr;12(2):107-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-769X.2011.00486.x.
Personal integrity is often seen as a core value for delivering ethical healthcare. This paper will explore what this might mean and particularly what place integrity has in a multi-professional healthcare system. Two opposing arguments can be made: the first is that the multi-professional nature of modern healthcare means that personal integrity is at best a futile luxury and at worst, an obstacle to delivering affordable high-quality care to large populations. The converse is that without personal integrity healthcare loses its humanity and becomes mere biological and social engineering. Part of the analysis rests on whether integrity is primarily a personally held moral framework or whether it is a social concept. Chester Calhoun's analysis, in which she identifies the integrated-self, personal identity, and (morally) clean-hands as three pictures of integrity, is used as the basis for suggesting that integrity is a rich and complex social virtue through which the individual is able to demonstrate their relationship with the values and mores of the communities of which they are members. In addition, I will argue that integrity is not a value itself, but is a framework through which one or more sets of those values that characterize the communities of which the person is a part, can be expressed. Because a person may belong to many communities - nation, gender, religion, family, profession, trade, sport, etc. - each individual has their own unique meta-set of values that informs their personal sense of integrity. However, in specific circumstances, conflicts may arise between this personal global sense and the set of values associated with one community.
个人诚信通常被视为提供合乎道德的医疗保健的核心价值观。本文将探讨这可能意味着什么，特别是诚信在多专业医疗保健系统中的地位。有两种相反的观点：第一种观点认为，现代医疗保健的多专业性质意味着个人诚信充其量只是一种徒劳的奢侈品，最坏的情况是，它是向大量人群提供负担得起的高质量护理的障碍。相反的观点是，如果没有个人诚信，医疗保健就会失去人性，而成为纯粹的生物和社会工程。分析的一部分取决于诚信是主要是个人持有的道德框架，还是社会概念。切斯特·卡尔霍恩（Chester Calhoun）的分析认为，诚信是一个综合自我、个人身份和（道德上）干净的手的三个形象，在此基础上，本文认为诚信是一种丰富而复杂的社会美德，通过这种美德，个人能够展示他们与自己所属社区的价值观和习俗的关系。此外，我将争辩说，诚信本身不是一种价值观，而是一个框架，通过这个框架，可以表达一个或多个构成个人所属社区的价值观。因为一个人可能属于许多社区——国家、性别、宗教、家庭、职业、贸易、体育等——所以每个人都有自己独特的一套价值观，这些价值观构成了他们个人的诚信感。然而，在特定情况下，个人的全局意识和与一个社区相关的价值观集之间可能会出现冲突。
