Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2011 May;70(2):205-14. doi: 10.1017/S0029665111000024. Epub 2011 Mar 7.
Athletes and exercisers have utilised high-protein diets for centuries. The objective of this review is to examine the evidence for the efficacy and potential dangers of high-protein diets. One important factor to consider is the definition of a 'high-protein diet'. There are several ways to consider protein content of a diet. The composition of the diet can be determined as the absolute amount of the protein (or other nutrient of interest), the % of total energy (calories) as protein and the amount of protein ingested per kg of body weight. Many athletes consume very high amounts of protein. High-protein diets most often are associated with muscle hypertrophy and strength, but now also are advocated for weight loss and recovery from intense exercise or injuries. Prolonged intake of a large amount of protein has been associated with potential dangers, such as bone mineral loss and kidney damage. In otherwise healthy individuals, there is little evidence that high protein intake is dangerous. However, kidney damage may be an issue for individuals with already existing kidney dysfunction. Increased protein intake necessarily means that overall energy intake must increase or consumption of either carbohydrate or fat must decrease. In conclusion, high protein intake may be appropriate for some athletes, but there are potential negative consequences that must be carefully considered before adopting such a diet. In particular, care must be taken to ensure that there is sufficient intake of other nutrients to support the training load.
运动员和锻炼者几个世纪以来一直在使用高蛋白饮食。本综述的目的是检查高蛋白饮食的功效和潜在危险的证据。需要考虑的一个重要因素是“高蛋白饮食”的定义。有几种方法可以考虑饮食中的蛋白质含量。可以根据蛋白质（或其他感兴趣的营养素）的绝对量、蛋白质占总能量（卡路里）的百分比以及每公斤体重摄入的蛋白质量来确定饮食的组成。许多运动员摄入非常高的蛋白质。高蛋白饮食通常与肌肉肥大和力量有关，但现在也被提倡用于减肥和从剧烈运动或受伤中恢复。长期摄入大量蛋白质与潜在危险有关，如骨矿物质流失和肾脏损伤。在其他健康个体中，几乎没有证据表明高蛋白摄入是危险的。然而，对于已经存在肾功能障碍的个体，肾脏损伤可能是一个问题。增加蛋白质的摄入必然意味着必须增加总能量的摄入，或者减少碳水化合物或脂肪的消耗。总之，高蛋白摄入可能适合某些运动员，但在采用这种饮食之前，必须仔细考虑可能存在的负面后果。特别是，必须注意确保摄入足够的其他营养素以支持训练负荷。
