Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Mar;127(3):701-21.e1-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.11.050.
Advancing our understanding of mechanisms of immune regulation in allergy, asthma, autoimmune diseases, tumor development, organ transplantation, and chronic infections could lead to effective and targeted therapies. Subsets of immune and inflammatory cells interact via ILs and IFNs; reciprocal regulation and counter balance among T(h) and regulatory T cells, as well as subsets of B cells, offer opportunities for immune interventions. Here, we review current knowledge about ILs 1 to 37 and IFN-γ. Our understanding of the effects of ILs has greatly increased since the discoveries of monocyte IL (called IL-1) and lymphocyte IL (called IL-2); more than 40 cytokines are now designated as ILs. Studies of transgenic or knockout mice with altered expression of these cytokines or their receptors and analyses of mutations and polymorphisms in human genes that encode these products have provided important information about IL and IFN functions. We discuss their signaling pathways, cellular sources, targets, roles in immune regulation and cellular networks, roles in allergy and asthma, and roles in defense against infections.
深入了解免疫调节在过敏、哮喘、自身免疫性疾病、肿瘤发展、器官移植和慢性感染中的机制，可能会带来有效的靶向治疗。免疫和炎症细胞亚群通过白细胞介素（ILs）和干扰素（IFNs）相互作用；辅助性 T 细胞（Th）和调节性 T 细胞以及 B 细胞亚群之间的相互调节和平衡，为免疫干预提供了机会。在这里，我们综述了白细胞介素 1 到 37 和干扰素-γ的现有知识。自发现单核细胞白细胞介素（称为白细胞介素 1）和淋巴细胞白细胞介素（称为白细胞介素 2）以来，我们对白细胞介素作用的理解有了很大的提高；现在已经有超过 40 种细胞因子被指定为白细胞介素。通过改变这些细胞因子或其受体的表达的转基因或基因敲除小鼠研究，以及分析人类基因中编码这些产物的突变和多态性，为白细胞介素和干扰素的功能提供了重要信息。我们讨论了它们的信号通路、细胞来源、靶标、在免疫调节和细胞网络中的作用、在过敏和哮喘中的作用以及在抗感染中的作用。
