Marcucio Ralph S, Young Nathan M, Hu Diane, Hallgrimsson Benedikt
University of California, San Francisco, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California 94110, USA.
Genesis. 2011 Apr;49(4):177-89. doi: 10.1002/dvg.20710. Epub 2011 Mar 5.
The effect of the brain on the morphology of the face has long been recognized in both evolutionary biology and clinical medicine. In this work, we describe factors that are active between the development of the brain and face and how these might impact craniofacial variation. First, there is the physical influence of the brain, which contributes to overall growth and morphology of the face through direct structural interactions. Second, there is the molecular influence of the brain, which signals to facial tissues to establish signaling centers that regulate patterned growth. Importantly, subtle alterations to these physical or molecular interactions may contribute to both normal and abnormal variation. These interactions are therefore critical to our understanding of how a diversity of facial morphologies can be generated both within species and across evolutionary time.
大脑对面部形态的影响在进化生物学和临床医学中早已得到认可。在这项研究中，我们描述了在大脑和面部发育过程中起作用的因素，以及这些因素如何影响颅面变异。首先，大脑存在物理影响，它通过直接的结构相互作用促进面部的整体生长和形态形成。其次，大脑存在分子影响，它向面部组织发出信号，以建立调节模式化生长的信号中心。重要的是，这些物理或分子相互作用的细微改变可能导致正常和异常变异。因此，这些相互作用对于我们理解如何在物种内部以及跨越进化时间产生多样的面部形态至关重要。
