Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2011 May;100(5):794-809. doi: 10.1037/a0022981.
Promotion-focused states generally boost creativity because they associate with enhanced activation and cognitive flexibility. With regard to prevention-focused states, research evidence is less consistent, with some findings suggesting prevention-focused states promote creativity and other findings pointing to no or even negative effects. We proposed and tested the hypothesis that whether prevention-focused states boost creativity depends on regulatory closure (whether a goal is fulfilled or not). We predicted that prevention-focused states that activate the individual (unfulfilled prevention goals, fear) would lead to similar levels of creativity as promotion-focused states but that prevention-focused states that deactivate (closed prevention goals, relief) would lead to lower levels of creativity. Moreover, we predicted that this effect would be mediated by feelings of activation. Predictions were tested in 3 studies on creative insights and 1 on original ideation. Results supported predictions. Implications for self-regulation, motivation, mood, and creativity are discussed.
关注促进的状态通常会提高创造力，因为它们与增强的激活和认知灵活性相关。关于关注预防的状态，研究证据则不太一致，一些研究结果表明关注预防的状态可以促进创造力，而其他研究结果则表明没有或甚至有负面影响。我们提出并检验了一个假设，即关注预防的状态是否能提高创造力取决于监管的关闭（目标是否得到实现）。我们预测，激活个体的关注预防的状态（未实现的预防目标，恐惧）会导致与关注促进的状态相似的创造力水平，但使个体失去动力的关注预防的状态（已实现的预防目标，如宽慰）会导致较低的创造力水平。此外，我们预测这种效果会受到激活感的影响。在 3 项关于创意洞察的研究和 1 项关于原始创意的研究中检验了这些预测。结果支持了这些预测。讨论了自我调节、动机、情绪和创造力的意义。
