Department of Endodontics, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan and Iranian Centre for Endodontic Research (ICER), Tehran, Iran.
Int Dent J. 2011 Feb;61(1):25-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1875-595X.2011.00005.x.
If dental pulp injury occurs prior to complete root formation and apical closure, normal root development is halted. This condition produces several complications. Firstly, the apical diameter of the canal is often larger than the coronal diameter, so debridement is difficult. Secondly, the lack of an apical stop makes the obturation in all dimensions virtually impossible. And finally, the thin walls of the root canal are prone to fracture, so that surgical treatment is generally not a viable option. There are a number protocols to manage non-vital open-apex teeth such as apexification, apical barrier technique (one-visit apexification), orthograde root filling using MTA, triple antibiotic paste, and tissue engineering concept. The aim of this paper is to review these treatment protocols.
如果牙髓损伤发生在完全根形成和根尖闭合之前，正常的牙根发育就会停止。这种情况会产生几种并发症。首先，根管的根尖直径通常大于冠部直径，因此清创很困难。其次，缺乏根尖止点使得各个维度的封闭几乎不可能。最后，根管的薄壁容易发生骨折，因此一般不采用手术治疗。有许多方案可用于处理非活髓的开放根尖牙，如根尖诱导成形术、根尖屏障技术（一次就诊根尖诱导成形术）、使用 MTA 的顺行根管充填、三联抗生素糊剂和组织工程概念。本文旨在综述这些治疗方案。
