Hristovski Robert, Davids Keith, Araujo Duarte, Passos Pedro
Sts. Cyril and Methodius University, Macedonia.
Nonlinear Dynamics Psychol Life Sci. 2011 Apr;15(2):175-206.
In this paper we present a model of creativity captured as exploration and production of novel and functionally efficient behaviors, based on the statistical mechanics of disordered systems. In support of the modelling, we highlight examples of creative behaviors from our research in sports like boxing and rugby union. Our experimental results show how manipulation of practice task constraints changes the exploratory breadth of the hierarchically soft-assembled action landscape. Because of action metastability and differing task constraints, the specificity of each assembled movement configuration is unique. Empirically, a movement pattern's degree of novelty may be assessed by the value of the order parameter describing action. We show that creative and adaptive movement behavior may be induced by at least two types of interven-tions, based on relaxing task constraints which we term direct and indirect. Direct relaxing is typically a function of changing task constraints so that the number of affordances that can satisfy goal constraints increases. Indirect relaxing of constraints occurs when a habitual action is suppressed by, for example, stringent instructional constraints during sports training. That suppression simultaneously relaxes other correlated constraints that enable larger exploratory capacity and new affordances to emerge for the athlete or team.
在本文中，我们基于无序系统的统计力学，提出了一个将创造力建模为新颖且功能高效行为的探索与产生的模型。为支持该建模，我们重点介绍了来自我们在拳击和英式橄榄球等体育项目研究中的创造性行为示例。我们的实验结果展示了对练习任务约束的操控如何改变分层软组装动作格局的探索广度。由于动作亚稳定性和不同的任务约束，每个组装动作配置的特异性都是独特的。从经验上讲，一个动作模式的新颖程度可以通过描述动作的序参量的值来评估。我们表明，创造性和适应性运动行为可能至少由两种类型的干预诱发，这两种干预基于我们称为直接和间接的放松任务约束。直接放松通常是改变任务约束的一种作用，从而使能够满足目标约束的可供性数量增加。当习惯性动作在例如体育训练期间被严格的教学约束抑制时，就会发生间接的约束放松。这种抑制同时放松了其他相关约束，从而使运动员或团队能够展现出更大的探索能力并产生新的可供性。
