Unit of Health Services Research, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Scand J Public Health. 2011 Mar;39(6 Suppl):6-10. doi: 10.1177/1403494810378922.
To identify characteristics of the public health policies of four Nordic countries concerning how they present the causes of ill health, the best ways to deal with these causes, and where to place responsibility; additionally, to investigate whether there is a common Nordic policy.
Analyses of recent public health programmes in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden.
Focus is on either, or both, individual behaviour and living conditions as causes of ill health; the remedies are classical liberal as well as social democratic policies. None of the programmes is consistent with either ideological strand; each has its peculiar combination of interpretations and policies. The Danish programme is the most liberal focusing on behaviours and individual's choices; the Norwegian programme is the most social democratic or social liberal focusing mostly on the social and physical environment and the politicians' responsibility to improve the population's health. The Swedish and the Finnish programmes lie between those of Denmark and Norway. The Finnish and Norwegian governments stress their responsibility for the health of the population.
No common Nordic political approach to public health exists. All programmes contain contradictory policies and ideological statements with differences regarding the emphasis on individual behaviour versus choice and living conditions and political responsibility. The policies are not entirely predictable from the political stance of the government; national differences seem to play a role.
确定北欧四国公共卫生政策的特点，即它们如何呈现健康问题的原因、应对这些原因的最佳方法以及责任归属；此外，还调查是否存在共同的北欧政策。
分析丹麦、芬兰、挪威和瑞典最近的公共卫生计划。
这些政策主要关注个人行为和生活条件是健康问题的原因；补救措施既有古典自由主义的，也有社会民主主义的。这些政策都不符合任何一种意识形态；每个政策都有其独特的解释和政策组合。丹麦的政策最自由，主要关注行为和个人的选择；挪威的政策最具社会民主或社会自由，主要关注社会和自然环境以及政治家改善人口健康的责任。瑞典和芬兰的政策介于丹麦和挪威之间。芬兰和挪威政府强调对人口健康的责任。
不存在共同的北欧公共卫生政治方法。所有的政策都包含矛盾的政策和意识形态陈述，在强调个人行为与选择、生活条件和政治责任方面存在差异。这些政策并不能完全从政府的政治立场来预测；国家差异似乎起到了一定的作用。
