Department of Pathophysiology, National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.
J Breath Res. 2007 Dec;1(2):024002. doi: 10.1088/1752-7155/1/2/024002. Epub 2007 Dec 6.
Breath tests have gained increasing interest in recent years mainly driven by the unmet clinical need to monitor airway diseases and to obtain information on unravelled aspects of respiratory disorders. A prototype of such measurement reaching clinical significance besides its use as a research tool is the measurement of exhaled nitric oxide (NO). It took hardly more than a decade after the discovery that exhaled breath contains NO for this measurement to be approved for clinical practice to monitor anti-inflammatory treatment in asthma. Recent studies demonstrate that using exhaled NO measurement to guide anti-inflammatory treatment in asthma may help clinical decision making. A similarly small molecule present in exhaled breath is carbon monoxide, which is not only a biomarker of cigarette smoking but has also been suggested to reflect ongoing oxidative stress/antioxidant defense. The scope of this review is the exciting field of exhaled monoxides. Since several other biomarkers have also been studied in the exhaled breath this review will provide a brief introduction to them.
近年来，呼吸测试越来越受到关注，主要是因为需要监测气道疾病并获得有关呼吸紊乱方面的信息，以满足临床需求。除了作为研究工具外，达到临床意义的此类测量的原型是测量呼出的一氧化氮（NO）。呼气中含有 NO 的发现之后，仅用了不到十年的时间，这种测量方法就被批准用于临床实践，以监测哮喘的抗炎治疗。最近的研究表明，使用呼气一氧化氮测量来指导哮喘的抗炎治疗可能有助于临床决策。呼气中存在的另一种类似小分子是一氧化碳，它不仅是吸烟的生物标志物，而且还被认为反映了持续的氧化应激/抗氧化防御。本篇综述的范围是令人兴奋的呼出单氧化物领域。由于在呼气中还研究了其他几种生物标志物，因此本篇综述将对它们进行简要介绍。
