Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2011 Feb;6(2):339-49. doi: 10.2217/nnm.10.122.
To develop and determine the safety of gold nanorods, whose aspect ratios can be tuned to obtain plasmon peaks between 650 and 850 nm, as contrast enhancing agents for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
MATERIALS & METHODS: In this study we compared the blood clearance and tissue distribution of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-capped and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated gold nanorods after intravenous injection in the tail vein of rats. The gold content in blood and various organs was measured quantitatively with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The CTAB-capped gold nanorods were almost immediately (< 15 min) cleared from the blood circulation whereas the PEGylation of gold nanorods resulted in a prolonged blood circulation with a half-life time of 19 h and more wide spread tissue distribution. While for the CTAB-capped gold nanorods the tissue distribution was limited to liver, spleen and lung, the PEGylated gold nanorods also distributed to kidney, heart, thymus, brain and testes. PEGylation of the gold nanorods resulted in the spleen being the organ with the highest exposure, whereas for the non-PEGylated CTAB-capped gold nanorods the liver was the organ with the highest exposure, per gram of organ.
The PEGylation of gold nanorods resulted in a prolongation of the blood clearance and the highest organ exposure in the spleen. In view of the time frame (up to 48 h) of the observed presence in blood circulation, PEGylated gold nanorods can be considered to be promising candidates for therapeutic and diagnostic imaging purposes.
开发并确定金纳米棒的安全性，其纵横比可调谐以获得 650nm 至 850nm 之间的等离子体峰，作为诊断和治疗应用的增强对比剂。
在这项研究中，我们比较了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）封端和聚乙二醇（PEG）包覆的金纳米棒在大鼠尾静脉静脉注射后的血液清除率和组织分布。用电感耦合等离子体质谱定量测量血液和各种器官中的金含量。
CTAB 封端的金纳米棒几乎立即（<15 分钟）从血液循环中清除，而金纳米棒的 PEG 化导致半衰期为 19 小时的更长的血液循环和更广泛的组织分布。虽然 CTAB 封端的金纳米棒的组织分布仅限于肝脏、脾脏和肺，但 PEG 化的金纳米棒也分布于肾脏、心脏、胸腺、大脑和睾丸。金纳米棒的 PEG 化导致脾脏成为暴露量最高的器官，而对于未 PEG 化的 CTAB 封端的金纳米棒，肝脏是每克器官中暴露量最高的器官。
金纳米棒的 PEG 化导致血液清除延长和脾脏中最高的器官暴露。鉴于在血液循环中观察到的存在时间（长达 48 小时），PEG 化的金纳米棒可被视为治疗和诊断成像目的的有前途的候选物。
